Holstein
Black and White
Jersey
Light brown
La Mancha
Lack of external ears, medium size, short hair, and can be any color. Milk production with high butterfat and typically a good 4-H show goat
Nubian
Large pendulous ears, large in size, hair is short, and can be any color solid or patterned. Produces high quality milk high in butterfat but produces less than other breeds
Saanen
Largest of dairy breeds, are white or light cream in color, ears should be erect. Produces the most milk but it tends to have a lower butterfat content.
Alpine
Medium to large size, only breed with upright ears, many different color combinations. Excellent in production and can thrive in any climate while maintaining good health
Toggenburg
Medium in size, color varying from light fawn to dark chocolate, stripes down the face, small nubs of skin located on each side of their neck. Moderate in milk production and produces relatively low butterfat content
Oberhasli
Reddish brown accented with black dorsal stripe, legs, belly, and face, smaller size, upright ears. Good in milk production and tends to be docile in nature
Boer
Brown head/white body combination, ears are long. Highly resistant to disease and adapts well to desert or hot climates, raised for their meat, and are excellent show goats
Kiko
Relatively large, most are white though they can be almost any color, prominent horns. Grow fast without extra feeding processes which make them great meant producers, have a bold personality
Spanish
Ears moderately long, usually horned, rangy and large framed, short hair, and usually a lot of different colors. Diminutive size of its teats and udder make it an excellent breed for a range animal, can survive in most barren conditions, clear brush and u
Angora
Both sexes horned, ears are droopy, small animal, ringlet or flat lock hair. Help by grazing areas and return the land to suitable environment for agriculture
Cashmere (American Cashmere)
Horned, long luxurious fur, typically white. Use their fur to make cashmere and guard hair, easy to raise, healthy animals that require minimal care
Pygmy
A full coat of straight medium-long hair, have beards, all colors are acceptable. Used in medical research and are in zoos
Myotonic
Heavy-Dumped, deep chested animals, most white and black but multi-colored are not uncommon. Used for meat and milk production, easy kidders, faint when frightened
Quality Grades
Denote predictions of the quality of the product
Yield Grades
Denote predictions of the quantity of the product
Beef cuts
brisket, rib, short plate, round
Pork cuts
picnic, bacon, back fat, ham, Boston butt
Lamb cuts
shoulder, loin, rack, leg, breast
Marbling
Intramuscular fat
Percheron
Usually dapple gray or sometimes black, arched neck, and clean legged. Draft horse, moderate sized from France with some Arab horse history
American Quarter Horse
All colors but spotted. Thick muscled larger size horse originally from the U.S. Used for ranch work in the western USA
Appaloosa
Colored and white patterns with traditionally white sclera and stripped hooves. Full sized light horse that is from the Palouse River valley in the NW US
Pony of the Americas
Pony version of the Appaloosa (complete with appaloosa color patterns). Has a stock horse body type, but pony size. Originates from the Shetlands crossed with the Appaloosa in the US.
Paint Horse
A breed defined primarily by color, having white markings on the body. Its origins as a breed are in the US, but ancestors from Spain brought "two toned" colors of horses. Paints have a stock horse body type and was primarily bred for ranch work
Belgian
Draft horse, mostly free from feathering, and typical "chestnut" (some would say Sorrel because of the lighter red and flaxen mane and tail) color pattern
Arabian
Light horse type, but more refined, fiery than Quarter Horse with a dished face and smoother muscle pattern. Has a more level croup, is up-headed and shorter bodied. Origins to the Arabian Peninsula
Shetland Pony
Definite pony type but there are two variations; one is stocky and the other is more refined and used in harness events for show. Originally they were bred in England and the channel islands for use in the coal mines as draft animals.
Welsh Pony
A pony breed of all colors except face markings with a lot of white. It was first bred in Wales, and was used for things like chariots. Mostly children's pleasure pony now in the US
Standardbred
Horse most noted for harness racing and running the race in "standard time
Clydesdale
This is a more elongated, "leggy" draft breed of horse with very noticeable feathers on the legs. They are showy and elegant for draft horses, making them very popular for exhibition, parades, and so on. They originate from Great Britain, specifically Sco
Thoroughbred
Light horse type in solid colors. It was developed as a racing horse in England but is also influential in jumping and field events.
What is meant by "Floating Teeth?
To smooth or contour your horse's teeth
How are horses "Wormed?
They are given regular doses of worming paster to control/prevent worms
Shoes are applied by...
Nails or glue
Teasing is...
Testing a mare's readiness to be bred
Estrus is detected when the mare...
Opens and closes vulva, tucks her hips, and raises her tail
Mare gestate for...
340 days or 11 months
Mares come into estrus every...
About 21 days
Three courtship activities include...
smelling, nuzzling, nipping, nose to nose contact and flehman response
3 natural gates of a horse are...
walk, trot, gallop
Trained gates
pace, running walk
Equestrian disciplines (English tack)
Racing, dressage
Equestrian disciplines (Western tack)
Roping, Barrel racing
Angus
From Scotland, black dominant, quick to add marbling, pigmented skin. Polled, no horns, high fertility and easy calving
Hereford
England, Red body with white extremities, horned. Low milk production and don't marble well
Charolais
France, Creamy white, polled or horned, heavy muscling. Less fertile and low in milk production
Limousin
France, Golden red to light yellow, light around muzzle and eyes, horned. Easy calving and relatively small cow size
Maine Anjou
France, Red and white, horned, rapid growth rate. Good milk production and very large calves
Shorthorn
England, red, roan, or white, horned, moderate size, light muscle and patchy fat deposition. Easy calving
Brahman
India and Southeast Asia, White to gray in color, droopy ears, horned, light muscling. Low fertility, meat relatively tough
Brangus
Cross between Braham and Angus, looks like Angus with droopy ears. Good milk production, and high fertility
Beefmaster
Three-breed cross: Braham, Hereford, and Shorthorn, red-brown with some white, horned. Spotted/roan are discouraged
Longhorn
North America, Typically red and white, light brown roan, long horns. High fertility, unique genetic potential
Simmental
Switzerland, Yellow-red-and white, usually white face and stockings, mostly horned. High milk production, some calving problems
Chianina
Italy, white to gray, black muzzle, feet, eyes and switch, horned. Largest frame, poor fertility and milk production
Belgian Blue
Central and Upper Beligium, Heavily muscled, white, blue roan or sometimes black.
Gelbvieh
Austria and West Germany, Yellow to Golden red (black too), horned, good carcass traits. Good maternal traits, high fertility
Dystocia
Difficult birth
Konefal Method
Feeding cattle at different times and being able to predict calving time
Gestation Length of Cattle
285 days or around 9 months
Birth weight of calves
75-90 pounds
Calf weight at weaning
500 pounds
Typical market steer weight at harvest
1200-1400 pounds
Cheviot
White hair on face and legs, no horns, brown body with white head and feet. Between England and Scotland. Easy breeding
Dorper
Either all white or white with a black head and neck, heavy muscled sheep with light wool and hair coat. South Africa. Meat sheep and produce under arid sometimes harsh conditions
Dorset
Small heavy-muscled white-faced breed. England. more likely to breed out of season
Finnsheep
White faced with white legs and no wool on face or legs. Finland. Highly prolific breed, often producing triplets or quadruplets.
Friesian
White wool on faces, legs and tail free of wool, white noses. Germany. Known for milk production.
Texel
White face, wool on head and legs, short face, black nose and white legs. Netherlands. Remarkable muscling and growth
Targhee
White fleece with wool up legs and head. New Zealand. Fine fleece.
Hampshire
Black-faced, medium wool, with wool cap. England. Meat breed.
Navajo Churro
Protective top coat and soft undercoat, brown black or white, multiple horns. Spain. Lamb-easily and are very protective.
Rambouillet
France, fine-wooled
Southdown
Smaller-framed, early maturing, heavy-muscled carcass, light brown face wit wool down leg. England. Good lambing ability and produce meaty lamb carcasses
Suffolk
Large, black-faced sire breed, noted for muscling and growth. England. Good cross-breeders
Polypay
Polled, white face, mostly white. US. Ability to lamb more often, rapid growth rate of lambs
Romanov
Black and lighten to a soft gray as they make their fleece, black face and legs. Moscow. Early sexual maturity
How long do sheep gestate?
148-152 days
What is docking?
Clip short or remove tail
Typical age of lamb when weaned
3-4 months