Intraveneous Catheter - Indications
IV Drug administration,
Fluid therapy
Intraveneous Catheter - Risks
Introduction of air - peripheral embolism
Catheter induced sepsis, from burred or broken catheter tip
Over/rapid fluid administration
Over-Hydration Signs
Fluid from the nasal cavity (nasal drip)
Moisture in the lungs, wet breath sounds (Rales)
Foam in the ET tube
Restlessness
Hyperpnea
Chemosis
Pitting edema
Intraveneous Catheter Sites
Cephalic - most common
Lateral saphenous
Femoral - cats
Intraveneous Catheter Size Selection - Neonates, Small Exotics
24g - yellow
Intraveneous Catheter Size Selection - Cats and Small Dogs
22g - blue
Intraveneous Catheter Size Selection - Medium Dogs
20g - pink
Intraveneous Catheter Size Selection - Large Dogs
18g - green
Intraveneous Catheter Maintenance
Tape and bandages must be kept clean and dry
Replace every 72 hours
Watch for:
Irritation
Redness
Swelling above or below the site
Fluid Therapy - Hydration Status
Skin turgor
Mucous Membranes
Capillary Refill Time
Sinkage of eyes into the orbit
Fluid Therapy - Colloids
A category or type of IV fluid solution containing large particles that help retain fluid within vessels.
Used to replace volume
Examples: Hetastarch, Dextran, Oxyglobin, Plasma, Whole Blood
Fluid Therapy - Crystalloids
A category or type of IV fluid solution characterized by water and electrolyte content
Examples: LRS, Normosol, Sodium Chloride, Plasmalyte
Fluid Therapy - Hypertonic
Possessing a lesser proportion of water or a greater number of particles than the solution to which it is compared
Movement of water will be towards the hypertonic solution
Fluid Therapy - Hypotonic
Has a greater proportion of water or fewer dissolved particles than the solution it is compared to
Water will move away from the hypotonic solution
Fluid Therapy - Isotonic
Has an equal number of dissolved particles
There is no movement of water
Fluid Therapy - Additives
KCl - Potassium Chloride (must be diluted)
Dextrose - Calories and energy (Never given SQ, must be diluted)
Calcium (Preclampsia and cardiac issues)
Vitamin B-12 - Stimulates appetite and RBC production
Urinary Catheter - Indications (Diagnostic)
Bacterial Culture (2nd least contaminated method)
Urinalysis
Time Interval Tests (glucose)
To infuse contrast media
Urinary Catheter - Indications (Therapeutic)
Relieve urinary obstructions
Infuse medications
Surgical repair
Monitor output
Urine Collection Options
1. Cystocentesis (most sterile)
2. Catheterization (more sterile)
3. Free Catch/Bladder Expression (least sterile)
Urinary Catheter Material
Metal - rigid, difficult to place, used mostly in male cats
Foley - longer use, has a cuff
Red rubber
Polypropylene
Tom cat - for male cats, has wings