Venipuncture Sites - Canine
1. Jugular
2. Cephalic
3. Lateral Saphenous
Rarely used - Femoral vein, Pedal vein, Ear vein - capillary samples, Sublingual vein - emergencies
Venipuncture Sites - Feline
1. Jugular
2. Cephalic
3. Femoral
4. Lateral Saphenous
Venipuncture Sites - Equine
1. Jugular
2. Cephalic
3. Submandibular
Venipuncture Sites - Bovine
1. Jugular
2. Tail vein
3. Mammary vein on dairy cows
Venipuncture Sites - Caprine & Ovine
Jugular and ear veins
Venipuncture Sites - Swine
Anterior vena cava and ear veins
Venipuncture Sites - Avians
1. Jugular
2. Medial metatarsal vein
3. Brachial vein
4. Toe nail
Venipuncture Sites - Reptiles
1. Tail vein
2. Cardiac
3. Ventral vein
4. Jugular - Turtles
Venipuncture Sites - Ferrets
Jugular, cephalic and femoral
Venipuncture Sites - Rodents
Tail vein, Cardiac (if terminal), Retro-orbital sinus (under general anesthesia)
Blood Collection Tubes - Purple, Lavender
PTT/LTT - contains EDTA (anticoagulant), for CBC's and ELISA's
Blood Collection Tubes - Green
GTT - contains Heparin (anticoagulant), for blood gas, chemistries, ELISAs
Blood Collection Tubes - Blue
BTT - contains Sodium Citrate anticoagulant), for coagulation studies
Blood Collection Tubes - Grey
GTT - contains Oxylate (anticoagulant), for glucose studies
Blood Collection Tubes - Red
RTT - contains nothing, for chemistries
Blood Collection Tubes - Serum Separator
SST/Tiger Top - contains gel or wax (decreases cell usage of glucose, ensures separation of blood during spin down), for chemistries and function tests
Blood Collection Tubes - Diatomaceous Earth
ACT - contains diatoms (stimulates clotting), for coagulation studies
Absorption
The movement from the site of administration to the bloodstream.
Absorption Rates - Fastest to Slowest
1. Intravenous Injections (IV) - No absorption time
2. Intramuscular Injections (IM)
3. Subcutaneous Injections (SQ) - Longest absorption time.
Dose
The amount of drug a patient needs, determined by the manufacturers reccomendations
Dosage
The amount of drug a patient needs, determined by weight
Solute
A dissolved substance, the powdered form of a drug
Solvent
The dissolving substance, the liquid portion of a drug.
Solution
The combined form of solute and solvent, may be expressed as a percentage.
Concentration
The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, usually expressed as mgs/mL (weight/volume)
Medical Records - Drugs
Always record:
Drug Name
mgs & mLs
Time and route
Initials