cavity
a hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs
cranial cavity
the hollow space that contains the brain in the skull
spinal cavity
the hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column
thoracic cavity
the hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm
abdominal cavity
the hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity
peritoneal cavity
the hollow space within the abdominal cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum
pelvic cavity
the hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems organs bounded by the pelvic bones
abdomen
the portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis containing the abdomen cavity
thorax
the chest region located between the neck and diaphragm
groin
the lower region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh
inguinal area
also known as the groin
membrane
are thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line cavity, or divide a space an organ
peritoneum
the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and it covers some organs in this area
parietal peritoneum
the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
visceral peritoneum
the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
umbilicus
the pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus
naval
another name for the umbilicus
mesentery
the layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity
retroperitoneal
superficial to the peritoneum
recumbent
lying down
dorsal recumbency
lying on the back
ventral recumbency
lying on the belly
sternal recumbency
lying on the belly
left lateral recumbency
lying on the left side
right lateral recumbency
lying on the right side
prone
lying in ventral or sternal recumbency
supine
lying in dorsal recumbency
adduction
Movement towards the midline
abduction
Movement away from the midline
extension
straightening of the joint or an increase in the angel between two bones
flexion
closure of a joint angel, or reduction of the angel between two bones
hyperflexion
occurs when a joint is flexed too far
hyperextension
occurs when a joint is extended too far
supination
that act of rotating the limb or body parts so the palmar surface is turned upward
pronation
that act of rotating the limb or body parts so the palmar surface is turned downward
rotation
circular movement around an axis
cyt/o
cell
cytology
the study of cells
plasm
formative material of cells
protoplasm
The cell membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus
cell membrane
the structure lining the cell that protects the cell's contents and regulates whats go in and out of the cell (also called plasma membrane)
cytoplasm
the gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
nucleus
the structure in a cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane
nucleoplasm
the material in the nucleus
chromosomes
the structures int the nucleus composed of DNA, which transmit genetic information
genetic
term used to denote something that pertains to genes or heredity
genetic disorder
any inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes
congenital
denotes something that is present at birth (Abnormalities of the body that are present at the time of birth)
anomaly
the deviation from what is regarded as normal. (May be used instead of defect)
tissue
a group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function
histology
the study of structure and function of tissue
hist/o
tissue
epithelial tissue
covers internal and external body surfaces and is made of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements
epithelium
covers internal and external body surfaces and is made of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements
endothelium
the cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs, including the blood vessels.
mesothelium
the cellular covering that forms the lining of serous membranes such as peritoneum
connective tissue
adds support and structure to the body by holding the organs in place and binding body parts together
adipose tissue
also known as fat
muscle tissue
contains material with specialized ability to contract and relax
nervous tissue
contains cells with specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses.
-plasia
formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell numbers
-trophy
formation, development, and increase in the size of tissue and cells
anaplasia
change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other
aplasia
lack of development of an organ or a tissue or a cell
dysplasia
abnormal growth or development of an organ or a tissue or a cell
hyperplasia
abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or tissue or a cell
hypoplasia
incomplete or less than normal development of an organ or tissue or a cell
neoplasia
any abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive
tumor
distinct mass of tissue
benign
not recurring
malignant
tending to spread and be life threatening
-oma
tumor or neoplasm
atrophy
decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ or tissue or cell
dystrophy
defective growth in the size of an organ or tissue or cell
hypertrophy
increase in the size of an organ or tissue or cell
glands
groups of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body
exocrine glands
group of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that leads out of the body or to another organ
endocrine glands
group of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream, which transports them throughout the body
organ
part of the body that performs a special function or functions
bicornuate uterus
uterus with two horns
unilateral
pertaining to one side
bilateral
pertaining to two sides
oste/o, oss/e, or oss/i
bones
pneum/o
lungs
arthr/o
joints
chondr/o
cartilage
my/o
muscles
fasc/i or fasci/o
fascia
ten/o, tend/o, or tendin/o
tendons
cardi/o
heart
arteri/o
arteries
ven/o or phleb/o
veins
hem/o or hemat/o
blood
lymph/o
lymph vessels, fluid, and nodes
tonsill/o
tonsils
splen/o
spleen
thym/o
thymus
nas/o or rhino/o
nose or nares
or/o or stomat/o
mouth
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
enter/o
small intestine
col/o or colon/o
large intestine
hepat/o
liver
pancreat/o
pancreas
ren/o or nephr/o
kidneys
ureter/o
ureters
cyst/o
urinary bladder
urethr/o
urethra
neur/o or neur/i
nerves
encephal/o
brain
myel/o
spinal cord
opthalm/o, ocul/o, opt/o, or opt/i
eyes
optic/o
sight
ot/o, aur/i, aur/o, audit/o, aud/i
ears
acoust/o or acous/o
external ear / sound
dermat/o, derm/o, or cutane/o
skin
adren/o
adrenals
gonad/o
gonads
pineal/o
pineal
pituit/o
pituitary
thyroid/o or thyr/o
thyroid
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, or testicul/o
testes
ovari/o or oophor/o
overies
hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i, metri/o, or uter/o
uterus
uni-
one
mono-
one
duo-, bi-
two
dyo-
two
tri-
three
quadri- or quadro-
four
tetr- or tetra-
four
quinqu-, quint-
five
pent- or penta-
five
sex-
six
hex- or hexa-
six
sept- or sept-
seven
hept- or hepta-
seven
octo-
eight
oct-, octa-
eight
novem- or nonus-
nine
ennea-
nine
deca- or decem-
ten
dek- or deka-
ten