Animal Science- Body Systems

Digestive system

this system is responsible for the breaking down of food and nutrient absorbtion

endocrine system

The system that are glands that produce and receive hormones to produce a certain effect

circulatory system

This system that carries oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away

respiratory system

This is where oxygen and carbon dioxide is exchanged

skeletal system

provides support for the entire body also produces red blood cells

reproduction system(male)

This system produces sperm

reproduction system(female)

This system contains the eggs and is where pregnancy occurs

nervous system

The controls for the entire body

stomach

in cattle this organ is made of 4 parts

rumen

largest section of the stomach, it eructates the food( the food gets chewed twice

Reticulum

this is the honey-combed shaped part of the stomach, it keeps the food in the rumen and mixes it with water and saliva to make the right consistancy when it reaches the omasium

omasium

this part of the stomach is the main site for water absorbtion

abomasum

this is the "true stomach", and is similar to the simple stomach and the main site for digestion

small intestine

absorbs nutrients from the food and breaks down proteins, starch, and fats

large intestine

absorbs more of the water, and is used for storage

rectum

passes waste out of the body

bladder

stores liquid waste

pituitary gland

controls growth of bone, maternal behavior, and reproduction, and is the master gland

hypothalamus

in the endocrine system, it controls hunger, sleep, and body temp, and controls the pituitary gland

pancreas

produces insulin and glucagons

adrenal gland

controls adrenaline

thyroid gland

helps in digestion and in storage of calcium, also makes amino acid hormones

mouth

grinds the food down

esophagus

pushes food to the stomach

cranial vena cava

carries deoxygenated blood to right atrium

right atrium

holds deoxygenated blood

caudal vena cava

carries blood from the lower body to the heart

heptic veins

carry blood to the liver and transport drained blood

heptic arteries

gives blood to the liver

thoracic aorta

supplies blood to the ribs and chest structures

brachiocephalic trunk

transmits blood to the brain and head

kidney

extracts waste from the blood

renal vein

drain blood from the kidney

liver

filters and processes blood circulates, and creates bile, blood proteins, and stores glucose

ovary

these make the eggs and produce hormones

vagina

the flattened tube between cervix and vulva

vulva

enterance into the reproduction system

cervix

valve between the uterus and vagina that is made of muscular folds that slow down invading materials and it only opens to let sperm in and the baby out

uterus

were the fetus grows

uterine horn

extensions of the oviducts

oviducts

(fallopian tubes) carry eggs from the ovaries and only open for ovulation and insemination

infundibulum

funnels the eggs from the ovaries to the oviducts

frollicle

this is the cavity that holds the egg

testicles

produce the sperm and male horrmones

epididymus

packages the sperm

vas deferens

carries the sperm to the body cavity towards urethra

ampulle

were sperm is mixed with a nutritive substance

heart

this is the pump that pushes the blood through the body and has 4 chambers in cattle

ureter

carries the wastes from the kidney to the bladder

urethera

carries liquid wast out of the body

right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

left atrium

holds oxygenated blood

left ventricle

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

irregular bones

support the central nervous system

long bones

support columns

short bones

absorb shock in knees

sesamoid bones

protect tendons

flat bones

protect vital organs

pneumatic bones

facial bones with cavities

epinephrine

causes for immediate reaction

gall bladder

stores bile and secretes it into the small intestine

order of the ruminant stomach

1.rumen, 2.reticulum, 3.omasum, 4. abomasum