An exaggerated form of" and "a natural extension of the basic skill of walking" are definitions for which of the following locomotion skills?
a. Hopping
b. Skipping
c. Running
d. Jumping
e. Galloping
Running
The elementary stage of catching is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
a. Arms relaxed at sides while awaiting ball
b. Arms and hands attempt to secure ball by holding it against chest
c. Ball caught with hands, without making contact with body
Ball caught with hands, without making contact with body
Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of early attempts at walking?
a. Wide base of support
b. Toeing-out of the feet
c. Heel strike
d. High-guard arm position
e. Flat-footed contact
Heel strike
Infant readiness to begin running is characterized by which of the following?
a. Upper-limb strength for protection in falls
b. Toeing-out of the feet
c. Size 1 shoes
d. Enough lower-limb strength
Enough lower-limb strength
Each running cycle consists of how many phases?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
Three
What is the appropriate developmental sequence for running, given the following descriptions of leg action?
I. The swing thigh moves forward with acceleration causing 90 degrees of maximal flexion in the knee.
II. The run is flat-footed, with minimal flig
B. 2,1,3
The run is flat-footed, with minimal flight ->The swing thing moves forward with acceleration causing 90 degrees of maximal flexion in the knee -> Foot contact is with the heel or the ball of the foot
What is the appropriate developmental sequence of running, given the following descriptions of arm action?
I. Spinal rotation continues to be the prime mover of the arms.
II. Spinal rotation swings the arms bilaterally to counterbalance rotation of the pe
A. 4, 2, 1, 3
According to research on average peak running speed for boys and girls, which of the following is true?
a. Girls peak at about age 8 and boys at age 12
b. Boys peak at about age 8 and girls at age 12
c. Boys and girls both peak at about age 12
d. Girls pe
Girls peal at about age 14, boys continue to improve beyond age 17
According to research on gender differences in motor skill performance, what is the one skill in which girls outperform boys?
a. Running
b. Walking
c. Hopping
d. Rolling
e. Striking
Hopping
What is the developmental sequence for the leg action component of the standing long jump?
a. Two-footed takeoff, full extension; fall and catch; two-footed takeoff, partial extension
b. Fall and catch; two-footed takeoff, partial extension; two-footed ta
Fall and catch; two-footed takeoff, partial extension; two-footed takeoff, full extension
What is the developmental sequence for the arm action component of the flight and landing phase of the standing long jump?
a. Arms winging; arms abducted, lateral rotation; arms abducted, medial rotation; arms overhead
b. Arms overhead; arms abducted, med
Arms swinging; arms abducted, lateral rotation; arms abducted, medial rotation; arms overhead
What is the first of the combined fundamental movement skills to emerge after the single motor patterns have been established?
a. Slide
b. Skip
c. Canter
d. Schottische
e. Gallop
Gallop
What is the combined locomotor pattern that consists of a forward step followed by a leap onto the trailing foot?
a. Slide
b. Race-walk
c. Skip
d. Schottische
e. Gallop
Skip
The slide is the same as the gallop EXCEPT
a. Leg stride is shorter in the gallop
b. Leg stride is longer in the gallop
c. The slide is performed in a sideways direction
d. The gallop is performed in a sideways direction
The slide is performed in a sideways direction
Which of the following is the most difficult motor pattern for children to attain?
a. Gallop
b. Skip
c. Slide
d. Hop
e. Jump
Skip
This is one of the motor patterns in which girls generally outperform boys.
a. Running
b. Leaping
c. Jumping
d. Skipping
Skipping
What is the developmental sequence for the leg-action component of skipping?
a. One-footed skip/two-footed skip; flat-footed landing/two-footed skip; ball-of-the-foot landing
b. One-footed skip/two-footed skip; ball-of-the-foot landing/two-footed skip; fl
One-footed skip/two-footed skip; flat-footed landing/two-footed skip; ball-of-the-foot landing
What is the developmental sequence for the arm action component for skipping?
a. Opposition; semi-opposition; bilateral assist
b. Bilateral assist; semi-opposition; opposition
c. Opposition; bilateral assist; semi-opposition
d. Semi-opposition; opposition
Bilateral assist; semi-opposition; opposition
According to data about the vertical jump collected by Isaacs (2000), children of all ages jump higher when which type of vertical jump is employed?
a. Non-countermovement
b. Countermovement
c. 3-step running start
d. 6-step running start
Non-countermovement
Which combination movement skill is characterized by an uneven rhythmical pattern?
a. Gallop
b. Slide
c. Skip
d. Gallop and slide
e. All of the above
Skip
What is the most popular interscholastic sport for boys in the United States?
a. Basketball
b. Soccer
c. Baseball
d. Wrestling
e. Football
Football
What is the most popular interscholastic sport for girls in the United States?
a. Basketball
b. Outdoor track and field
c. Volleyball
d. Soccer
e. Fast pitch softball
Outdoor Track and Field
What is the reason children most often cite for wanting to participate in organized youth sports?
a. To win
b. To obtain a trophy
c. To make parents proud
d. To have fun
To have fun
According to Harter (1988), why do individuals choose to participate in an activity such as sports?
a. They experience success at performance attempts, which motivates them to continue the performance
b. They experience success if they win an extrinsic aw
They experience success at performance attempts, which motivates them to continue the performance
When surveyed, boys and girls who had dropped out of a youth sport program gave the same answer regarding a change they would make in their program before reentering. What is this change?
a. Better officiating
b. Less interference from parents
c. Making p
Making practices more fun
What is the most cited reason children provide for discontinuing a sport?
a. It takes too much time
b. The coach plays favorites
c. There is an overemphasis on winning
d. They lose interest
e. There is too much pressure
They lose interest
The most common injuries in youth football occur to which player?
a. Quarterback
b. Receiver
c. Defensive back
d. Center
e. Offensive lineman
Quarterback
As a result of the overuse injury "Little League elbow," all of the following rule changes have occurred in youth baseball EXCEPT
a. T-ball was incorporated
b. The pitcher is not allowed to throw a curve ball
c. The number of innings per game and per week
Girls have been forbidden from competing
Which of the following is true about reducing body weight through rapid dehydration?
a. It is acceptable for wrestling athletes
b. It is acceptable for boxing athletes
c. It is a common practice in gymnastics
d. It can be detrimental to performance
It can be detrimental to performance
Simon and Martens's research (1979) on stress in children's sports examined the level of state anxiety among hundreds of boys and found which of the following?
a. Boys at all age levels experience more stress than girls
b. Boys at puberty experience more
State anxiety is greatest in team sports
Ways to reduce competitive stress in sport include all of the following EXCEPT
a. Providing more trophies and distributing them earlier in the season
b. Changing some aspect of the sport so that success will occur more frequently
c. Instilling self-confid
Providing more trophies and distributing them earlier in the season
What is the primary reason that coaches provide for working with youth sport leagues?
a. To get university credit
b. To gain experience prior to student teaching
c. To win the playoffs
d. Because the coach's child is in the league
Because the coach's child is in the league
Children between 8 and 9 years of age tend to use which of the following sources of information to estimate their physical competence?
a. Game outcome
b. Parental feedback
c. Peer evaluation
d. Game outcome and parental feedback
Game outcome and parental feedback
Of the approximately 3.5 million coaches in the United States, about how many are volunteers?
a. 150,000
b. 250,000
c. 2.5 million
d. 3 million
2.5 million
Approximately what percentage of volunteer coaches lack the necessary formal preparation to coach?
a. 30%
b. 60%
c. 65%
d. 90%
e. 95%
90%
It has been estimated that, for every female coach, there are about how many male coaches?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7
e. 9
5
Of the following organizational categories, which one contains the highest number of youth participants?
a. Agency-sponsored sports
b. Club sports
c. Recreational sport programs
d. Intramural sports
e. Interscholastic sports
Agency-sponsored sports
Compared to the year 2000, by the year 2030 what will have happened to the number of people over the age of 65?
a. Decreased dramatically
b. Increased by 10 percent
c. Doubled
d. Tripled
Doubled
What is life expectancy in the United States, approximately?
a. 75 years
b. 80 years
c. 85 years
d. 90 years
85 years
According to research on older adults, which of the following is true?
a. Reaction time improves with age
b. Movement time declines with age
c. Response time improves with age
d. No differences exist in movement time between young adulthood and older adul
Movement time declines with age
By what year is the total number of people in the United States over 65 expected to exceed the number of people under 5 years of age?
a. 2020
b. 2030
c. 2040
d. 2050
2020
What was found in balance-related research studies on adults aged 50 to 75?
a. Females demonstrated generally better balance than males.
b. General decreases were seen yearly in overall balance ability.
c. 75 percent of the older participants in the study
Females demonstrated generally better balance than males
Which of the following are examples of intrinsic falls?
a. Alcohol and/or drug use
b. Irregular walking surfaces and/or slippery surfaces
c. Fatigue, dizziness, and/or disease
d. Medication and/or rushing
Irregular walking surfaces and/or slippery surfaces
What is the percentage of people over the age of 65 who fall each year?
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 50%
30%
Recommendations for older adults who wish to continue to participate in movement activity include which of the following?
a. Running a minimum of 5 days per week
b. Conserving energy by pacing
c. Running briskly early and then walking the remainder of the
Running briskly early and then walking the remainder of the exercise period
Regarding falls, which of the following is true?
a. Men are 50 percent more likely to die from a fall than women.
b. Women are 70 percent more likely to fall than men.
c. Twenty percent of older adults who fall suffer serious injuries such as hip fracture
Women are 70 percent more likely to fall than men
Surveys on activity trends among older adults indicate that approximately what percentage of adult populations are aerobically active?
a. 80%
b. 50%
c. 30%
d. 10%
10%
Drop-off in movement activity participation occurs when, most commonly?
a. At age 50
b. At age 35
c. Immediately following high school
d. Immediately following junior high school
Immediately following junior high school
In research on fall-prevention programs, what was the minimum criterion determined for the duration of an effective fall-prevention program?
a. 16 weeks at four times per week
b. 10 weeks at two times per week
c. 25 weeks at twice per week
d. 50 weeks at
25 weeks at twice per week
Research on fall-prevention programs has determined which of the following regarding resistance training programs?
a. They are imperative for fall prevention.
b. They are better than balance training for fall prevention.
c. They are not an effective means
They are not an effective means of reducing falls
Older adults are characterized by which of the following?
a. Faster recall than their younger counterparts
b. Checking their actions less frequently than younger adults do
c. Being less capable of programming a rapid series of movements in a short period
Being less capable of programming a rapid series of movements in a short period of time
Which of the following is NOT a major cause of falls in older adulthood?
a. Fatigue
b. Improper clothing or attire
c. Medication
d. None of the above
Medication
Which of the following is a major factor relating to declines in driving ability with old age?
a. Processing and response time
b. Obesity
c. Physical fitness
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
All of the above
The Mobility Consequences Model depicts the series of events that lead to which of the following?
a. Driving changes and their consequences
b. Increasing numbers of falls with age
c. Decreased walking and physical activity with age
d. Enhanced capacity wh
Enhanced capacity when we exercise more
Which of the following is an example of an instrumental activity of daily living (IADL)?
a. Feeding oneself
b. Rising from a chair
c. Taking medication
d. Getting in/out of bed
Feeding oneself
Comparing older men and women and falling, which of the following is true?
a. Men are more likely than womern to fall
b. Men trip more, but fall less
c. Men are more likely to die from a fall
d. Men are more likely to incur a fracture from a fall
Men are more likely to die from a fall
Regarding driving trends with age, which of the following is true of drivers who are over the age of 25?
a. They receive more driving citations
b. They are more likely to be involved in an accident
c. They are more likely to have driving privileges suspen
They are more likely to have driving privileges suspended
What factor is most strongly related with declines in one's ability to maintain activities of daily living (ADLs)?
a. Experiencing pain
b. Decline in cognitive function
c. Hearing problems
d. High body mass index
High BMI
Research to determine the most effective programs to enhance one's maintenance of activities of daily living (ADLs) found which of the following?
a. A sixteen week intense program of balance training would be best.
b. A 24 week program of mostly moderate
A sixteen week intense program of balance training would be best
Research on physiological functional capacity and speed had determined that endurance running speed is well maintained through which age?
a. 25 years of age
b. 35 years of age
c. 45 years of age
d. 55 years of age
45 years of age
Research on physiological functional capacity and speed has determined that the point at which declines become "exponential" is at which age?
a. 50 years of age in running and 60 years of age in swimming
b. 60 years of age in running and 70 years of age i
60 years of age in running and 70 years of age in swimming
What is movement time?
a. How quickly we respond to a stimulus
b. The period of time from the beginning of the movement until its completion
c. The period of time from the stimulus initiating the movement until its completion
d. The period of time from th
The period of time from the beginning of the movement until its completion
On average, the mental processing speed of a 70 year old is similar to that of whom?
a. An eight year-old child
b. A 12 year-old
c. An 18 year-old
d. A 25 year-old
A 12 year old
Exceptions to the commonly expected slowing with age in humans include which of the following?
a. Swimming speed
b. Saccadic movements of the eye
c. More complex movements in general
d. Simpler movements in general
Swimming speed
Research on physical activity and aging has demonstrated that functional limitations in osteoarthritis can be significantly reduced by walking as little as how much per day?
a. 1,000 steps per day
b. One mile per day
c. Two miles per day
d. Three miles pe
one mile per day
According to Healthy People 2020, between 1997 and 2012 what happened to the number of adults engaging in no leisure time physical activity?
a. Decreased by 25 percent
b. Decreased by 50 percent
c. Increased by 25 percent
d. Increased by 50 percent
decreased by 25 percent
According to Healthy People 2020, what was the percentage of U.S. adults who achieved the recommended levels of physical activity?
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 40%
d. 60%
10%