Which of the following is a for-profit organization?
A stakeholder's role in a company is best described as...
One of influencing the company and being influenced by the company
Entrepreneurs value all but which one of the following?
A complex regulatory framework
The franchise arrangement offers the entrepreneur which one of the following benefits?
The attraction of a well-known brand
Which one of the following characterizes a private company?
It is usually dominated by a few insiders
Which of the following business functions occurs in every business, however small?
Accounting
Which one of the following is a principle of good practice in corporate governance?
Appoint a number of non-executive directors
Which of the following is not a change in consumer behaviour?
Consumers are shopping at large stores
To turn Tesco around, Lewis did all of the following except:
Build 49 new stores
Advocates of 'hyperglobalization' point to all but which one of the following phemonena?
The persistence of national cultures
Which one of the following describes the economies of poor developing countries?
Focus on primary production, notably agriculture and natural resources
Which one of the following is a 'pull' factor encouraging companies to internationalize?
Large potential markets in emerging economies
What are the three sets of advantages in the theory of the OLI paradigm?
Ownership, location and internalization
Which one of the following is a negative aspect of FDI from the perspective of a developed country whose companies outsource manufacturing?
The country loses manufacturing jobs
Spillover effects of FDI benefit host countries because...
The local workers can absorb technology from the foreign investor's operations
What percentage of Zara's products are made in Spain, Portugal, Morocco and Turkey?
50%
Which of the following is not a major driver of sales for Zara?
Advertising
Utilitarian theories focus on all but which one of the following?
Social welfare
Which of the following is an 'absolute' right?
The right not to be tortured
Which one of the following comes within the category of economic and social rights?
The right to work
The weak interpretation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) consists of which of the following?
Making corporate donations to charity
Corporate social performance theory concerns which of the following?
The company's social responses in different contexts
Environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting is mandatory in all but which one of the following countries?
the US
Which of the following is not one of VW's brands?
Lancia
Which of the following is not a negative outcome of the scandal?
Increased corporate visibility
The primary cause of Volkswagon's malfeasance was which of the following:
Competitive pressure
Labor rights include all but which one of the following?
Right of employees to have a representative on the board of the firm
Which one of the following best describes the cause of environmental degradation?
Human activity
The concept of the 'global commons' can be defined as which of the following?
The common environment shared by all on the planet
Why is the 'carbon footprint' a helpful concept in assessing emissions?
It covers the whole product life cycle
Nuclear power raises concerns for all but which one of the following reasons?
The fact that nuclear power has high levels of emissions
Which of the following is included in the Rio principles?
There is a link between reducing poverty and sustainable development
Chevron has resisted legal claims that it is liable for environmental damage in Ecuador in all but which one of the following ways?
Denying that oil extraction causes environmental damage
Between 2010 and 2015, the following occurred in Uruguay:
Economy grew and inequality did not grow
Which of the following is not true about Uruguay?
Education is heavily influenced by the Catholic church
Which of the following is not a source of energy for Uruguay:
Nuclear
According to McDonough and Baumgart, the Titanic is an apt metaphor for the Industrial Revolution because
The Titanic was powered by brutish and artificial sources of energy that were environmentally depleting
The Titanic poured waste into the water and smoke into the sky
The Titanic attempted to work by its own rules, which were contrary to nature
The Industrial revolution began with
The cottage textile industry in England
The cradle-to-grave model rests on the design principle that
Products are designed, used, and then disposed of
All of the following are characteristics of the cradle-to-grave model EXCEPT:
Variety
Henry Ford revolutionized car productivity by
Vastly increasing the scale of production
Introducing the moving assembly line
Centralizing all processes
The transformative moment in the environmental movement was
Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962)
Downcycling has the following disadvantage
It reduces the quality of material overtime
It increases contamination of the biosphere
It generally is more expensive
Eco-efficiency rests on all of the following principles EXCEPT
Reclaim
McDonough questions the concept of efficiency because
Efficiency is often not effective
Eco-efficiency is "less bad" but "no good" because
It reduces pollution but still pollutes
According to Cradle to Cradle, the two kinds of material flows on the planet are
Biological and technical
All of the following are examples of sustainable nutrient flows EXCEPT
Urban expansion in the West
According to Cradle to Cradle, conventional leather is an example of a
Monstrous hybrid
According to Cradle to Cradle, modern industrial society
Is causing de-evolution; simplification of natural diversity on a mass scale
All sustainability is local." Fulfilling sustainability therefore requires all of the following EXCEPT:
Standardizing and relying on economies of scale to pay for expensive environmentally friendly practices
Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto
Rachael Carson, Silent Spring
All of the following are true about the above books EXCEPT
Most people believe that the adherents of these ISMs can work together
The idea behind the chapter "Waste equals food" is that:
Humans must design processes such that their waste can be the food (raw materials) for other processes.
All of the following are true about Ford River Rouge plant EXCEPT:
Its polluted state was so bad by 2000 that Ford Motor Company decided to shut it down.
A material that has been down cycled is
low-grade
The first step to eco-effectiveness is
Get free of known culprit
Which of the following characterizes a business person from a high-context culture?
Expressing views in an ambiguous way
All but which one of the following is taking place in language communication?
The unrivalled dominance of English on the internet globally
Which of the following business functions is subject to a system based on Islamic law for application in Islamic contexts?
Banking and finance
Organizational culture is exemplified in all but which of the following ways?
Application of employment law
How is the worker envisaged in Taylor's scientific management?
A pair of hands
Urbanization in poor developing countries is best characterized by which of the following?
Poor housing, poor healthcare and shortage of employment
McDonald's was a major investor in which fast-casual restaurant?
Chipotle
Based on the case, which of the following is not a criticism of Mcdonalds' employment practices:
Lack of health insurance
Which of the following is not part of McDonald's original strategy?
Moderate prices
Private business
owned by insiders, shares aren't shared publicly
Public business
shares stocks publicly; on stock exchange
Enterprise business
mix of both
Limited liability
people can only take away from the company not from workers/managers
Why do businesses use the PESTEL analysis?
Helps in respecting and having knowledge when they try to build in another countries territory
Drives of Globalization?
technology- seek locations where it's flourishing
transportation- close to supply, efficient production, close to customers
detoriation of home business environment- market saturation, taxes and regulation
Interconnectedness
allows networking to take place routinely between people in different geographical locations, characteristic of globalization
Interdependence
countries asserting a sovereign right to act & willingly co-operating with other countries for common goals, characteristics of globalizationg
Shifts of Economic Power
Intergration of national economies & more independent, domino effect between them, characteristic of globalizationShifts
Shifts in Political Power
Agencies (UN) help in the cooperation of politics between states, characteristic of globalization
Fall in the price of goods
COP of production lowered, lowpaid workers, characteristic of globalization
Fall in transportation
closer to supply, technology helps delivery, characteristic of globalization
Greater access to knowledge
Working with companies in market entry, technology, characteristic of globalization
Globalization of Markets
ability to serve consumers accross the world
Globalization of production
ability to co-ordinate different stages of production refers in the most advantageous location
Negative effects of globalization
local markets collapsing, poor wages to local workers, places lose resources
Postive effects of globalization
location advantages, cheaper cost of production and cost of transportation, host countries gain technology, greater choice for consumers
Reasons why businesses globalize
new customers
competition
cost reduction
effieciency
following customers
Exporting
Mode of market entry
-low risk
-use to check if foreign demands are promisng by establishing sale offices
Franchising
Mode of market entry
-mid level risk
-producer to make and deliver a product by the brand owners instructions
Licensing
Mode of Market Entry
-mid level risk
-local company and MNE agreement for the local company to produce ad deliver to term agreements
Acquisition
Mode of market entry
-high risk level
-MNE purchases an existing comapny, starting immediately
-gain local knowledge form previous owners
Green Field
Mode of market entry
-high risk level
-no immediate profit, long term
-expert in host country
Joint Venture
Mode of market entry
-high risk level
-work with a partner firm to carry out FDI
-local knowlede enhances success
Foreign Direct Investment
company investments in productive assets in a foreign country, acquiring them wholly/partly and using this ownershipstake to exert control over production
Location advantages
access to transport & lower costs than in the firm's home country
Ownership advantage
firm specific, foreign firms have tech/production/organizational skills that local firms lack
Utilitarianism
people have wants and needs that make them pursue in self interest ways;minimal government, max amount of liberty
Ethical relatavism
principles not absolute, dependent on circumstances
Categorical Imperative
notion of respect for every human being postulates human dignity as the guiding principle for behavior
Human Rights Laws
Global agreements
-International covenant on Economic, Social & cultural right
-commit states to establishing laws and institutions that promote right to work/health/education/housing
ICPR
civil and political rights
-no slavery/torture/detention/discrimination
-freedom of religion/movement
-right to life/privacy/equality
Biodiversity
the variety of living organsims
environmental degredation
environmental changes caused by human activity
Global Commons
resource domains that are not within th jurisdiction of any one country. High seas, atmosphere, antartica and outer space
Triple bottom line
Combination of economic, social, and ecological concerns that can lead to a sustainable strategy.
Sustainable developement
the developement if which meets the need of present generation without compromising the ability for future generations to be met
What can businesses do to promote stabitilty
Environmental Management
-make products rcycble, biodegradeble
-watch emissions into the air
-check waste disposal
-check soil contamination
-check water contamination form processes and emissions
sustainable consumption
use of good & services htt respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life, while minimizing the use of natural resources, toxic materials and emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycly, so as not to jepordize the needs of future gene
Sustainable developement goals
Launched by the UN, 17 goals
-end extreme poverty
-end hunger
-ensure good health
-ensure education
-gender equality
-safe drinking water....
Kyoto Protocol
framework for international co-operation to del with the effects of climate change. treaty specified goals of emissions reductions to be achieved
Paris accord
186 countries put forward intended nationally defined contributions (INDCs)
Target of reducing global warming to not more than 2C, ambitiously revised downwards to 1.5C
Countries' INDCs to be monitored by 'stocktaking' every 5 years
Developed countries pl
Rio agreement
polluter pays principle
-polluting statement will seldom consent to international adjudication or arbitration.
Explicit culture
is the observable reality of the language, food, buildings, houses, monuments, agriculture, shrines, markets, fashions and art
Norms
are the mutual sense a group has of what is "right" and "wrong" (e.g., formal level: written laws; informal level: social control).
Values
determine the definition of "good" and "bad.
Implicit culture
that core meaning of life that has escaped from conscious questioning and has become self-evident, because it is a result of routine responses to the environment (e.g., assumptions).
ways to reach Cross-Cultural Communication
When addresser and addressee communicate, they use a frame of reference:
Their knowledge of the subject under discussion
Their life experience, including past interactions with their interlocutor, experiences in similar situations, etc.
The values/norms o
Global Mindset
To be able to develop clear objectives and standards for personal and business performance that are independent from the assumptions of a single country or culture (such as those of your own culture) and to implement those objectives and standards creativ
How to develop a global mindset
First, recognize that you see the world through a unique lens
Second, recognize that others have their own lenses
Third, try to understand what the world looks like through their lenses
Fourth, adapt your behavior based on your new knowledge (hint: you do
Universalism vs particularism
...
Individualism vs collectivism
...
Neutral vs emotional
...
Specific vs diffuse
...
Achievement vs ascription
...