Researchers strategy for finding the answer to the research question is the...
research design
In a movie followed they followed the same ppl over seven years. This is
longitudinal study.
To "reify" a category is to
give reality to the category, although it is only a label, not a causal entity.
Why does Carson think that replacing DSM IV with an entirely new diagnostic system might be beneficial?
Science, not diagnostic history, could be the basis for disorders.
If you wished to look for possible tissue damage in a client's brain, which technique would be most appropriate?
MRI
collect necessary information in a standard way to allow for comparison with similar individuals.
The purpose of structured and semi-structured interviews is to
One important result of putting Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder (LLPDD) in the Appendix of DSM-III-R was
more researchers studied the disorder.
concurrent validity
helps establish comparison of two measures of the same phenomenon
essentially biological problems.
is how Kraepelin viewed psychological disorders a
reliability.
Emily has been evaluated by three different professionals, each of whom offers a different diagnosis. She wonders whether the field has any standards because their judgments obviously lack
Why were intelligence tests originally developed?
to predict who is likely to succeed in school
A mental status exam involves
behavioral observation.
concurrent validity.
If you have developed a new diagnostic measure that is cheaper and quicker, but produces the same results as established measures, you can use it because it has
The purpose of a diagnostic system is to
aid communication among professionals, help determine a course of treatment, describe the client's behaviors.
A prognosis is based mostly upon
past outcomes of similar disorders.
the five axes
is an aspect of DSM-IV resembles a dimensional approach to nosology
THE FIVE AXIS
I:acute stressor- mood/anxiety disorders
II:10 chronic personality disorders
III: physical conditions
IV:social stress, job/family/relationship
V: global assesment of functioning GAF-10,20 (0-100)
psychopathic deviation
is what you would expect a remorseless, seasoned criminal to score on which scale of the MMPI (no grey area)
false negative problem
damage that requires treatment may be overlooked.
false postitive
no neurological damage may be actually present.
Which of the following was a problem with DSM-III?
low reliabilities for some disorders
DSM-III was different from earlier attempts at classification of mental disorders because it
did not advocate any particular theory.
Which of the following approaches to nosology is most likely to be found in a medical setting?
categorical
Dix
is associated with the mental hygiene movement
Watson
is credited with first asserting forcefully that introspection has no place in psychology, and that the study of behavior should be scientific
Which of the following is not a common synonym for "psychological disorder"?
bedlam
uman behavior, both normal and abnormal, is the result of biological, psychological, and social factors ___________________.
interacting
Wolpe
first called his therapy methods "behavior therapy
Which therapist is most likely to have substantial research training in the origins and treatments of behavior disorders?
a clinical psychologist
Prevalence data
To determine how much funding to allot for a particular disorder, you need to know how many people in your state are experiencing it
Humanistic psychology stresses the
growth of the individual.
A man in New York reports he has overcome his lifelong depression through a diet of chocolate and broccoli. He suggests that therapists like you should recommend this treatment for other depressed patients. As a psychologist, you would
disregard this approach due to the lack of scientific support.
a conditioned stimulus.
Tim owns a cat who licks her chops when she hears cellophane catfood packets being opened. This is not a skill she or her wild ancestors learned in the jungle. According to a classical conditioning account, the cellophane sound is
Which of the following clinical descriptions of a disorder would suggest the most favorable prognosis?
acute onset, time-limited course, high prevalence
If you are a person-centered therapist, which of these is NOT one of your major concerns?
exposing defense mechanisms
Etiology refers to
causation.
To call yourself a "psychotherapist" you need
some advanced training (M.A., M.S.W., CDC) and start saying "I'm a psychotherapist.
positive reinforcement
Whenever little Tommy leaves the refrigerator door open, his father yells at him. The yelling is unpleasant, but it's the only attention Tommy can get from him. And he leaves the door open more often. What motivates his "rebellion"?
______ is implicated in schizophrenia; _______ is implicated in depression.
dopamine; serotonin
The purpose of emotion is to
encourage us to action.
According to the studies of Baxter et al., psychological intervention for OCD
is capable of changing the brain structure.
The receptor for a neuron is the ________; the transmitter is the _________.
dendrite, axon
The HYPAC axis is implicated in several different psychological disorders. It involves the hypothalamus and the ____________ system.
endocrine
Which of the following accurately illustrates the reciprocal gene-environment model of interaction?
...
A common media explanation of psychological disorder is "chemical imbalance," which is sometimes correct. In any case, this represents what model of causality?
biological
the plane encounters severe turbulence and plunges into a power dive for several terrifying seconds. What section of your nervous system accounts for your reaction?
sympathetic
behavior
A frown would be an example of this aspect of emotion
Which part of the brain gives humans the capacity to think, plan, and reason?
cerebral cortex
A one-dimensional causal model
attributes a disorder to a single cause.
PKU is
a form of mental retardation caused by a defect in a particular gene.
treatment focusing on attributions is an example of
Beck's contribution to cognitive-behavioral therapy included
Our genetic makeup is like a(n)
set of boundaries.
Which is not attributed to serotonin?
emotion
You have just met someone who is uninhibited, impulsive, and overreactive to many events. If you believe brain chemistry is responsible for most behavior patterns, what would you suggest as the cause?
low levels of serotonin
Prozac is used mainly to treat
anxiety.
Autonomic nervous system
sympathetic: emergence/ alarm reaction
parasympathetic:restorative, calming (break system on heart & helps digest food)
endocrine: adrenal, pituitary, gonadal/sex, thyroid
HYPAC: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalcortical-axis
adrenal gland-adrenal and cortis
Which of the following does NOT present a difficulty in attempts to study cross-cultural psychopathology?
Other cultures do not follow the scientific method.
adoption studies control for the effects of environmental influences.
is An advantage of adoption studies over family studies of the development of disorders is that
cohorts.
Groups of individuals of the same age at the same time in the same culture are called
an analog study.
Mary wants to know whether hospital patients get depressed because of the environment of the hospital. In her study, she has a group of healthy people live in a hospital for two weeks and assesses their levels of depression. This is an example of
An advantage of single-case experimental design over case studies, is
use of techniques to improve internal validity.
clinical significance.
The size of an experimental effect is most important when dealing with
n an experiment, a researcher varies the amount of food people get during the day and then looks for differences in the number of pages of a book they read in an hour. Variables such as body weight and reading experience might be ____________ in this expe
confounds
The term proband refers to
the individual who displays the trait examined in genetics family studies.
In one of your research experiments, you varied the amount of light exposure of rats to determine whether the rats would press a lever more with more light exposure. The dependent variable in this experiment was the
number of lever presses.
You have an idea you want to confirm or disconfirm by manipulating key variables in an experiment. That idea is called
a hypothesis.
experimental
This type of research involves the systematic manipulation of variables.
The directionality issue in correlation refers to
which factor causes the other to occur.
withdrawal design.
...
Sequential design involves
a blend of longitudinal and cross-sectional designs.
Which of the following is an advantage of longitudinal research over cross-sectional research?
no cohort effect