treatment of abnormal behavior
treatment is based on psychological, biological and social approaches
trepanning
drilling holes in skulls to cure mentally ill
Dorothea Dix
humane treatment of the mentally ill; create separate institutions for ill
deinstitutionalization
removal of patients--not considered a threat to themselves--from the community from mental hospitals
meta-analysis
systematic statistical method for synthesizing the results of numerous research studies dealing with the same variable
insight therapy
help clients develop insight about the cause of problem which will lead to behavior changes
psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud; going back to childhood to discover the root of problems and changing one's misunderstanding
free association
psychoanalysis; therapist is behind the curtain, patient speaks whatever comes to mind (unconscious conflicts access)
dream analysis
ego and superego are relaxed during sleep--threating feelings can be revealed; ask about dreams; manifest and latent will reveal hidden conflicts
hypnosis
psychoanalysis
resistance
blocking of anxiety-provoking feelings and progress of treatment(talking excessively, coming late, hostility toward psychoanalyst)
transference
process by which clients link the psychoanalysts to important figures in their past
catharsis
release of emotional tension after remembering experience from past
psychodynamic psychotherapy
expect the anxieties are from past but not necessary from infancy or early childhood; client sitting up and talking to the therapist, who actively interprets and links
client-centered therapy
nondirective, unconditional positive regard; believe problems come from incongruence (disparity between self-concept and reality); therapists use active listening by echoing and restating what client has said
Gestalt therapy
humanistic therapy; directive, use dreams and role playing, emphasis on present behavior, feelings, and thoughts
Carl Rogers
client-centered therapy
Fritz Perls
Gestalt therapy
behavior therapy
focuses on the problem itself, rather than the underling symptoms
cognitive-behavior therapy
therapy that behavior therapist use
systematic desensitization
classical conditioning; uses counter-conditioning to decrease anxiety symptoms (tries to teach clients to relax whenever they encounter anxiety-producing stimulus)
Joseph Wolpe
systematic desentization
exposure therapy
classical conditioning; commonly used to treat phobias
flooding
classical conditioning exposure therapy; sudden exposure rather than gradual
aversion therapy
classical conditioning therapy; pairing a stimulus that evokes unpleasant response with stimulus that evokes a maladaptive behavior
social skills training
classical conditioning therapy with modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping
behavior modification
operant conditioning; small rewards given for every step closer to the goal
token economy
operant conditioning; ex. money is given to en/discourage a behavior from occurring
shaping
operant conditioning
cognitive therapy
aims to change maladaptive thinking patterns
Aaron Beck
cognitive therapy
automatic thoughts
cognitive therapy; self-defeating judgments people make about themselves
rational-emotive therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy; aims to identify catastrophic thinking/belief and change the irrational assumptions; ask challenging questions
Albert Ellis
rational-emotive therapy
psychopharmacotherapy (drug therapy)
treat psychological disorders with medication
anxiolytic
anti-anxiety drug; Benzodiazepines;
Benzodiazepine (tranquilizer)
diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax)
effects of Benxodiazepine
reduce activity of central nervous system by increasing activity of GABA; immediate effect, only few hours: for panic disorder and anxiety
side effects of Benxodiazepine
drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, insomnia, diarrhea, confusion, drug dependence
effects of antidepressant drug
takes few weeks; MAOIs and tricyclics increase the level of neurotransmitters norepinphrine and serotonin in the brain; SSRIs increase the level of serotonin
side effects of antidepressant drug
not addictive; headache, dry mouth, weight gain (MAOI has most side effects, interact negatively with foods like beer and cheese and meat--SSRIs can cause sexual dysfunction and withdrawl symptoms
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
phenelzine (Nardil)
tricyclic
amitriptyline (Elavil)
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
paroxetine (Paxil), fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft)
antipsychotic drug
treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder
effects of antipsychotic drug
takes a few days; limit the activity of neurotransmitter dopamine; helps treat positive schizophrenia
atypical antipsychotic drug
new class of antipsychotic drug; treats negative schizophrenia
Clozaril
atypical antipsychotic drug; clozapine
Zyprexa
atypical antipsychotic drug; olanzapine
Seroquel
atypical antispychotic drug; quetiapine
tardive dyskinesia
neurological condition of involuntary movements
lithium
treatment for bipolar disorder
effects of lithium
affect action of norepinephrine and lutamate
side effects of lithium
tremors and long-term kidney damage
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
alternative for lithium
divalproex (Depakote)
alternative for lithium; used to treat bipolar disorder
family therapy
therapist meet two or more members of family at same time
couples therapy
help couples identify and resolve conflicts
group therapy
cost-effective and time saving; meets 4~15 people at once
self-help groups
has no therapist; give and receive help: ex. Alcoholics Anonymous