True or False: You can determine abnormality based on an isolated behavior?
False
Which of the following is NOT an indicator of abnormality?
a. Violation of societal standards
b. Dangerousness
c. Subjective Distress
d. Psychosis
d. Psychosis
Within the DSM-5, which significant disturbances in a person's life are used to define mental disorders?
a. Emotional regulation
b. Cognitive functioning
c. Physical wellness
d. Both a and b
d. Both a and b
Which historical figure founded the idea that the brain was the center of intellectual activity?
a. Pinel
b. Avicenna
c. Hippocrates
d. Plato
c. Hippocrates
The monastery turned into an asylum that was known for inhumane practices was named
a. Cosgrove
b. Bedlam
c. Topeka
d. Pennhurst
b. Bedlam
Mental disorders are almost always...meaning they are influenced by multiple genes.
a. Biological
b. Noninheritable
c. Polygenetic
c. Polygenetic
At which socioeconomic status do people experience more incidence of mental and physical disorders?
Answer: Unemployed, low income
Repugnant, distressing, unacceptable, or inconsistent with one's self. This is the definition for:
a. Dissociation
b. Maladaptiveness
c. Egodystonic
d. Mental disorder
c. Egodystonic
The biopsychosocial perspective says that biological, psychological, and social factors all play a role in
a. Mental disorders
b. Abnormal behaviors
c. Personality
b. Abnormal behaviors
Scientists try to understand how variables work together to cause outcomes of interest using conceptual models that distinguish between different types of casual factors. Models describing that kind of situation are commonly known as ____ of abnormal beha
Answer: Diathesis-Stress Model
Mental health is commitment to reality at all costs" was stated by who?
a. M. Scott Peck
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Abraham Maslow
d. Jean Piaget
a. M. Scott Peck
Which of these are characteristics that improve a person's ability to handle stress?
a. Higher levels of optimism
b. Greater psychological control
c. Increased self-esteem
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
In the DSM-IV PTSD was described as a normal response to abnormal stress, but in the DSM-5 PTSD is a pathological response to an extreme form of stress
a. True
b. False
b. False
How is stress defined?
a. The experience of perception of challenges to our wellbeing that exceed our resources
b. A feeling of unhappiness
c. General feeling apprehension or uneasiness
d. An alarm reaction that occurs in response to immediate danger
a. The experience of perception of challenges to our wellbeing that exceed our resources
Which of these is NOT a cause of some stressors being more serious than others?
a. Severity of the stressor
b. How much control we have over the stressor
c. How much the stressor is represented in media
d. The duration of the stressor
c. How much the stressor is represented in media
How does discrimination influence stress?
a. Increases widespread inflammation in the body
b. Causes headaches
c. Leads to rashes and hives
d. Decreases stress because people get used to discrimination
a. Increases widespread inflammation in the body
For adjustment disorder to be diagnosed, symptoms must begin within _____ of onset of the stressor
a. 2 weeks
b. 1 month
c. 3 months
d. 6 months
c. 3 months
Those with the best ____ skills were least likely to develop cardiac disease
a. Emotional regulation
b Problem solving
c. Social support
d. Insight
a. Emotional regulation
Which of these is NOT a clinical feature of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?
a. Intrusive thoughts of treatment
b. Aggression/Irritability
c. Apathy/Numbness
d. Avoidance of feelings
c. Apathy/Numbness
Which of these is the most effective form of treatment of PTSD?
a. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
b. Medication
c. Crisis Intervention
d. Telephone Hotlines
a. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Which of the following is associated with inflammation and discrimination?
a. Albumin
b. Hemoglobin
c. C-reactive protein
d. None of the above
c. C-reactive protein
A study found that were LEAST likely to control their anger and without a history of heart disease, developed heart problems during the next?
a. 10-15 years
b. 5-10 years
c. 15-20 years
d. 2-8 years
a. 10-15 years
Which of the following hormones is associated with stress?
a. Thyroid stimulating hormone
b. Cortisol
c. Insulin
d. Aldosterone
b. Cortisol
What are some treatment options used for stress disorders?
a. Telephone hotlines
b. Crisis intervention
c. EMDR
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What is the main difference between anxiety and fear?
a. Anxiety is fight or flight, while fear is imminent/happening now
b. Anxiety is future oriented, while fear is imminent/happening now
c. Anxiety is imminent/happening now, while fear is future orient
b. Anxiety is future oriented, while fear is imminent/happening now
Why is OCD considered a learned behavior?
a. Because those with OCD learn obsessive-compulsive behaviors through the observation of others
b. Because a person's obsessive-compulsive behaviors reduce anxiety, which reinforces them
c. Because a person's obs
b. Because a person's obsessive-compulsive behaviors reduce anxiety, which reinforces them
If someone told their therapist that they suddenly experienced a pounding heart and excessive sweating, why wouldn't this be a panic disorder?
a. Dizziness wasn't involved
b. They didn't mention depersonalization
c. They worried about an attack for about
d. There were not enough features to call this a panic attack
True/False? Compulsions can be defined as sporadic behaviors (handwashing, checking, ordering) or mental acts (counting, praying) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or rigid rules.
False
How does social phobia originate?
a. Genetic or biological factors
b. Simple instances of direct or classical conditioning (e.g. experience humiliation or target of criticism)
c. Natural occurrence of social behavior
d. None of the above
b. Simple instances of direct or classical conditioning (e.g. experience humiliation or target of criticism)
According to the DSM-5, what is NOT identified as a criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)?
a. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning
b. The
d. The individual finds it difficult to control the worry
According to the DSM-5, what meets the criteria for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
a. Individual attempts to ignore and suppress such thoughts, urges or images that are experienced
b. The obsessive-compulsive symptoms can be attributable to the psychologi
d. A and C
Which of the following provides evidence that OCD has biological causal factors (genetic factors for OCD)
a. Twin studies showing a genetic contribution to OCD
b. A shortage of the neurotransmitter epinephrine (adrenaline) in individuals with OCD
c. Indiv
e. A and C only
What can cause a panic attack for the first time?
a. High levels of stress caused by an event
b. Constant worry
c. Changes in behavior
d. PTSD
a. High levels of stress caused by an event
Which of the following does not meet the DSM-5 criteria for panic disorder?
a. Shortness of breath
b. Feeling dizzy
c. Hyper-awareness
d. Chest pain
c. Hyper-awareness
At least one of the attacks has been followed by ____ month(s) of (1) persistent worry about another panic attack and the consequences and/or (2) a significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks.
a. 1 month
b. 2 months
c. 3 months
d. 4
a. 1 month
Which of the following is NOT a DSM-5 criterion for major depressive disorder?
a. Must be experiencing five or more symptoms within a two month period
b. Has feelings of depressed mood for most of the day, every day
c. Has feelings of worthlessness or ina
a. Must be experiencing five or more symptoms within a two month period
Which of the following IS a DSM-5 criterion for a manic episode?
a. Having feelings of being crazy
b. Laughing really really hard for absolutely no reason
c. Having a distinct period of abnormal and persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that l
c. Having a distinct period of abnormal and persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts at least a week
At least how many manic episodes are required for a diagnosis of Bipolar 1 disorder?
a. 7
b. 3
c. 45
d. 1
d. 1
What is the difference between Manic and Hypomanic episodes?
a. Hypomanic is another term for a depressive episode (the other end of the bipolar episodes spectrum)
b. Hypomanic symptoms show to a stronger degree
c. Hypomanic lasts at least 4 days, while M
c. Hypomanic lasts at least 4 days, while Manic lasts at least 1 week
Which of the following is often mixed up with major depressive disorder?
a. Bipolar 2
b. Bipolar 1
c. Social Phobia
d. Panic Disorder
a. Bipolar 2
Which of the following is a biological causal factor of depression?
a. The activity of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin
b. Abnormalities in hormone regulation and endocrine system
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
c. Both a and b
Freud's psychodynamic theory of depression claimed that depression was an adult returning to the latent stage of development when the infant cannot distinguish self from others
a. True
b. False
b. False: Adult returns to oral stage
Which of the following is not a bias about the process of negative self-relevant information:
a. Dichotomous or all-or-none reasoning
b. Selective abstraction
c. Arbitrary inference
d. Pessimistic predictions
d. Pessimistic predictions
Which of the following is not one of the three themes of the (Negative cognitive triad)?
a. Self
b. World
c. Future
d. Poverty
d. Poverty
Which of the following is the BEST example of the "Future" aspect of the Negative Cognitive Triad?
a. "I'm ugly/worthless/a failure."
b. "It's all hopeless because things will always be this way."
c. "No one loves me."
d. "This world doesn't understand me
b. "It's all hopeless because things will always be this way.
Behaviorist theorized that depression is caused by a lack of ______ reinforcement or excessive ______ from everyday life"
a. Negative; Punishment
b. Positive; Punishment
c. Negative; Praise
d. Positive; Praise
b. Positive; Punishment
Which of the following is a viable treatment for manic and hypomanic episodes?
a. Pharmacotherapy
b. Psychotherapy
c. Meditation
d. Both A and B
d. Both A and B
Which of the following is NOT a criteria for Somatic Symptom Disorder?
a. Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness about one's own symptoms
b. High level of anxiety about one's health or symptoms
c. Can be classified after only one e
c. Can be classified after only one episode
What is the pattern for somatic symptom disorder?
a. Attention to bodily sensations, attribution of sensations to illness, excessive worry, and help seeking
b. Excessive worry, attention to bodily symptoms, help seeking, and attribution of sensations to i
a. Attention to bodily sensations, attribution of sensations to illness, excessive worry, and help seeking
What are some forms of treatment that patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder can seek?
a. Relaxation Therapy
b. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
c. Antidepressants
d. All the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following is DSM-5 criteria for factitious disorder?
a. Behavior can be better explained by another mental disorder
b. Falsification of psychological and/or physical symptoms with no external reward
c. Producing a psychological or physical di
b. Falsification of psychological and/or physical symptoms with no external reward
Dissociation can be defined as
a. Disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal
b. One's sense of reality of outside world is lost
c. Temporary loss of one's own self and one's own reality
d. None of the above
a. Disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal
Which of the following are criteria for the DSM-5 on Dissociative Identity disorder?
a. Person is unable to recall important autobiographical information, typically of a traumatic or stressful nature.
b. Significant distress or impairment in social, occup
d. All of the above
Dissociative Identity Disorder is most commonly found in males due to the fact that males experience more childhood sexual trauma compared to women. True or False?
True
Which of these features are NOT a general feature of personality disorders?
a. Chronic interpersonal difficulties
b. Problem with one's identity or sense of self
c. An inability to function adequately in society
d. An increased risk of depression
d. An increased risk of depression
The DSM-5 lists grandiose sense of self-importance as one of the criteria of which disorder?
a. Antisocial Personality Disorder
b. Histrionic Personality Disorder
c. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
d. Avoidant Personality Disorder
c. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Which of these traits is associated with Grandiose Personality Disorder?
a. Underestimate oneself abilities
b. Overestimate abilities of self and underestimate abilities of others.
c. Overestimate abilities of others
d. Never speaks about own achievements
b. Overestimate abilities of self and underestimate abilities of others
Which type of study is designed to establish the prevalence of a particular disorder in a large sample?
a. Research Study
b. Epidemiological Study
c. Quantitative Study
d. Qualitative Study
b. Epidemiological Study
Which of these is true concerning the DSM-5 criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder?
a. The individual must be 18 years or older to be diagnosed with ASPD.
b. The individual has shown a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights o
c. Both A and B
Psychopathy criteria consists of all of the following EXCEPT
a. Lack of remorse or shame
b. Specific loss of insight
c. Seeks another relationship as a source of care
d. General Poverty in major affective reactions
c. Seeks another relationship as a source of care
In Cleckley's criteria there were 16 core traits that were revised and reduced to 21 traits. True or False?
False
Which one of these factors contribute to the causes of Antisocial Personality Disorder?
a. Genetics
b. Low family income
c. Neglect and poor supervision by parents
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
True or False? Antisocial Personality Disorder symptoms are only able to be detected as one
reaches adulthood due to increased social interaction demands.
False
Which one of these is the single best predictor for developing ASPD?
a. The number of antisocial behaviors exhibited in childhood.
b. Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior.
c. Chronic feelings of emptiness.
d. Has
a. The number of antisocial behaviors exhibited in childhood
Borderline Personality Disorder is described by the DSM-5 as including which of these criteria,
except:
a. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
b. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating
d. Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or herself