Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by an obstinate and willful refusal to eat, a distorted body image, and an intense fear of being fat
Bulimia nervosa
uncontrollable eating binges followed by compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain; calorie intake of 4-6,000 calories of high concentrated food; feeling loss of control over eating, recurrent episodes of binge eating, behaviors to prevent weight gain
Binge-Eating Disorder
Recurrent episodes binge eating; on average at least once a week for 3 months; eating more rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, large amounts when not hungry; no compensatory behavior ; most common eating disorder
The Merck Manual criteria for sexual disorders
1. is it persistent?
2. Does it cause personal distress?
3. Does it negatively impact one's relationships with his/ her sexual partner
Categories of sexual disorders
1. Sexual dysfunctions
2. Paraphilias
Paraphilias
a group of disorders defined by recurrent sexual attraction to unusual objects or sexual activities lasting at least 6 months
Types of Sexual Dysfunctions
1. Sexual interest/arousal disorder in women
2. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in men
3. male erectile disorder
4. female orgasmic disorder
5. early ejaculation disorder
6. Delayed ejaculation disorder
7. sexual pain disorders
Sexual interest/arousal disorder in women
persistent deficits in sexual interest (fantasies or urges) biological arousal or subjective arousal
hypoactive sexual desire disorder in men
deficient sexual fantasies and urges (men)
male erectile disorder
failure to attain or maintain an erection of penis
female orgasmic disorder
absence of orgasm after sexual excitement - achieve arousal but not orgasm
early ejaculation disorder
ejaculation that occurs to quickly
delayed ejaculation disorder
persistent difficulty ejaculating
sexual pain disorders
genitopelvic/penetration disorder; persistent or recurrent pain during intercourse
Sexual response cycle
1. Desire phase- building up the appetite ; thinking about sex
2. Excitement phase- physiological arousal; your body becomes aroused
3. Orgasm phase- men and women different- refractory phase
4. Resolution phase
Fetishistic Disorder
a reliance on an inanimate object or a nongenital part of the body for sexual arousal
Pedohebephilic Disorder
diagnosed when adults derive sexual gratification through sexual contact with prepubertal or pubescent children, or when they experience recurrent, intense and distressing desires for sexual contact with prepubertal or pubescent children. Offender must be
Incest
refers to sexual relations between close relatives for whom marriage is forbidden
Voyeuristic Disorder
involves an intense and recurrent desire to obtain sexual gratification by watching unsuspecting others in a state of undress or having sexual relations
Exhibitionist Disorder
a recurrent, intense desire to obtain sexual gratification by exposing one's genitals to an unwilling stranger, sometimes a child
Frotteuristic Disorder
involves the sexually oriented touching of an unsuspecting person
Sexual Sadism disorder
defined by an intense and recurrent desire to obtain or increase sexual gratification by inflicting pain or psychological suffering(like humiliation) on another
Sexual masochism disorder
defined by an intense and recurrent desire to obtain or increase gratification through being subjected to pain or humiliation
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Intellectual Development Disorder
- learning disorders
- autism spectrum disorder
-motor skills disorders (include Tourretes)
- Communication Disorder
- ADHD
Internalizing Disorders
characterized by inward-focused experiences and behaviors such as depression, social withdrawal and anxiety; category includes childhood anxiety and mood disorders
Externalizing Disorders
characterized by outward-directed behaviors such as aggressiveness, noncompliance, overactivity and impulsiveness ; category includes ADHD, conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder
MTA study
this study on children demonstrated that carefully prescribed and managed stimulant medication is effective for children with ADHD
Conduct Disorders
this disorder focuses on behaviors that violate the basic rights of others and violate major societal norms
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
This disorder is still being discussed as either a precursor to or an earlier and milder manifestation of conduct disorder. Child exhibits behaviors like losing temper, arguing with adults, repeatedly refusing to comply with requests, doing things to anno
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills
Learning Disorders
Categories under this disorder include: Learning disorders, communication disorders and motor skills disorders
tourette's Disorder
involves one or more vocal and multiple motor tics (sudden, rapid movement or vocalization) that start before the age of 18
Down Syndrome
trisomy 21; child has an extra copy of chromes 21
fragile X syndrome
a mutation in the fMRI gene on X chromosome; large underdeveloped ears and long thin face. may have ASD
phenylketonuria (PKU)
the infant born without obvious signs of difficulty , soon begins to suffer from a deficiency of a liver enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase
Lovaas Method
This study consisted of intensive operant conditions using behavioral therapy based on social learning principles for children with ASD; there were dramatic and encouraging results and key for early intervention and very intensive
Personality disorder types
a group of disorders involving long-standing, inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that impair social and occupational functioning
personality trait domains
Five personality dimensions include in the DSM 5 to help supplement diagnoses of personality disorders: negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism
Obsessive Compulsive personality Disorder
this person is a perfectionist, preoccupied with details, rules and schedules; they often pay so close to detail they fail to finish projects but does not include obsessions and compulsions
Narcissitic personality disorder
these people have a grandiose view of their abilities and are preoccupied with fantasies of great success
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
defined by unusual and eccentric thoughts and behavior (psychoticism), interpersonal detachment and suspiciousness
avoidant personality disorder
these people are so fearful of criticism, rejection and disapproval that they will avoid jobs or relationships to protect themselves from negative feedback.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
involves a pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others
Paranoid Personality Disorder
characterized by a distrust of others and a constant suspicion that people around you have sinister motives
dependent personality disorder
characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people; has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others
Histrionic Personality disorder
these people need to be the center of attention all the time, often interrupting others in order to dominate the conversation; constant attention seekers; may dress provocatively or exaggerate illnesses to gain attention; exaggerate relationships-> everyo
Psychopathy
a personality syndrome related to antisocial personality disorder but defined by an absence of emotion, impulsivity, manipulativeness and irresponsibility
Borderline Personality Disorder
characterized by mood instability and poor self-image; they will take anger out on themselves, causing themselves injury; no self awareness
Linehan's Diathesis-Stress theory
a proposed theory that BPD develops when people who have difficulty controlling their emotions because of a biological diathesis are raised in a family environment that is invalidating. A constant back and forth between dysregulation and invalidation
Treatment for BPD
1. Dialectical Behavioral Treatment
2. Mentalization-based therapy
3. Schema-focused cognitive therapy
Dialectical Behavioral Treatment
a therapeutic approach to borderline personality disorder that combines client-centered empathy and acceptance with behavioral problem solving, social skills training and limit setting
Mentalization-based therapy
a structured form of psychodynamic therapy developed for BPD in which the person is encouraged to focus on his or her emotions and relationships
Schema-focused cognitive therapy
a psychodynamic therapy developed for BPD that enriches traditional cognitive therapy with a broader focus on how early childhood antecedents and parenting shape current cognitive patterns.
Irresistible impulse (1834)
if a pathological impulse or uncontrollable drive compelled the person to commit the criminal act an insanity defense is legitimate
The M'Naghten rule
A rule for determining insanity that asks whether the defendant knew what he or she was doing and whether the defendant knew that what he or she was doing was wrong
American Law Institute Guidelines (1962)
1. combination of Irresistible Impulse and M'Naghten Rule
2. those who are repeatedly in trouble with law and psychopathy are not evidence for insanity
Insanity Defense Reform Act
1984 law, affecting all federal courts and about half the state courts, that find a person not guilty by reason of insanty if it is shown that, as a result of mental disease or mental retardation, the accused was unable to appreciate the wrongfulness of h
guilty but mentally ill
a verdict stating that defendants are guilty of committing a crime but are also suffering from a mental illness that should be treated during their imprisonment
ASD (autism spectrum disorder)
Autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, pervasive developmental disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder are all included in this category of DSM 5
Criteria for ASD
- deficits in nonverbal behaviors
-deficit in social or emotional reciprocity
- deficit in development of peer relationship approp. to developmental level
-repetitive speech
-restricted interests
-hyper-or-hypoactivity to sensory input or unusual sensory