Nature, Nurture
Today's psychologist recognize that all behavior arises from the interaction of _____ and _____
Little
Studies have shown that labeling has (little or a significant) effect on our interpretation of individuals and their behaviors.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
ADHD, or _____ _____ _____ _____, afflicts children who display one or more of three key symptoms: _____, _____, and _____
Autonomic, Panic Disorder, Panic Attack
In generalizes anxiety disorder, the body reacts psychologically with the arousal of the _____ nervous system In some instances, anxiety may intensify dramatically and unpredictably and be accompanied by chest pain or choking, for example; people with the
Agoraphobia
People who fear situations in which escape or help might not be possible when panic strikes suffer from _____
Social Phobia
When a person has an intense fear of being scrutinized by others, the diagnosis is a _____
less
Older people are (more or less) likely to have suffer from OCD
Stimulus generalization
Some fears arises from _____ _____ such as when a person who fear heights after a fall also comes to fear airplanes.
Anterior Cingulate, Amygdala
PET scans of persons with OCD reveal excessive activity in a brain region called _____ _____ cortex. Some antidepressant drugs dampen fear-circuit activity in the _____, thus reducing this behavior
boys
ADHD is diagnosed more often in boys or girls?
dissociative identity
A person who develops two or more distinct personalities is suffering from _____ _____ disorder.
Cognitive extremes, major depression
Mood disorders are psychological disorders characterized by _____ _____. They come in 2 forms; experience of prolonged depression with no discernible cause is called _____ _____
can
Depressed persons usually (can or cannot) recover without therapy.
more
Compared with men, women are (more or less) vulnerable to major depression.
tend
Mood disorders (tend or do not tend) run in families.
low, Norepinephrine, serotonin
Depression may be caused by (high or low) levels of 2 neurotransmitters, _____ and _____
Norepinephrine, nerepinephrine, serotonin, reuptake, breakdown
Drugs that alleviate mania reduce _____; drugs that relieve depression increse _____ or _____ supplies by blocking either their _____ or their chemical _____
Disorganized & deluded thinking, inappropriate emotions
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include: _________
Expressionless faces, toneless voices, mute/rigid bodies
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include: _________
reality
schizophrenia, or "split brain", refers to not a split personality, but rather to a split from _____
delusions
The distorted, false beliefs of schizophrenic patients are called _____
flat effect, catatonia,
Some schizophrenics lapse into a zombie like state of apparent apathy, or _____ _____; others who exhibit _____, may remain motionless for hours and then become agitated.
less
When schizophrenia develops slowly, recovery is (more or less) likely than when it develops rapidly.
Dopamine, decrease
Brain tissue pf schizophrenia patients have been found to have an excess of receptors for neurotransmitter _____. Drugs that block these receptors have been found to _____symptoms.
fluid, shrinkage, thalamus, sensory input, attention
Enlarged, _____-filled areas and a corresponding _____ of cerebral tissue is also characteristic of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients also have a smaller-than normal _____ which may account for their difficulty in filter _____ _____ and focusing _____
Support
Twin and adoption studies _____ the content that heredity plays a role in schizophrenia
genetic, psychological
It appears that for schizophrenia to develop there must be both a _____ predisposition and some _____ trigger
antisocial personality
an individual who seems to have no conscience, lies, steals, is generally irresponsible, and may be a criminal is said to have an _____ _____ disorder.
frontal lobe
PET scans of murderers' brains reveal reduced activity in the _____ _____
higher
incidence of serious psychological is _____ among those below the poverty line
early, antisocial personality, phobia
in terms of age of onset, most psychological disorders appear by _____ adulthood. Some such as _____ _____ and ______ appear during childhood.
Dissociative identity disorder
disorder formally called multiple personality disorder
phobia
anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation
dopamine
neurotransmitter for which there are excess receptors in some schizophrenia patients
dysthymic disorder
disorder marked by chronic low energy and self-esteem
antisocial personality
individual who seems to have no conscience.
norepinephrine
neurotransmitter that is overabundant during mania and scarce during depression
Serotonin
neurotransmitter possibly linked to OCD
bipolar disorder
type of mood disorder
delusions
false beliefs that may accompany psychological disorders.
Agoraphobia
fear of situation in which help might not be available during a panick attack.
Dissociative disorder
disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, feelings and thought
medical model
approach that considers behavior disorders as illnesses that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured
mood disorders
psychological disorders marked by emotional extremes
social phobia
intense fear of being scrutinized by others
biopsychosocial approach
approach that considers behavior disorders to be the result of biological, psychological, and socio-cultural influences
mania
extremely elevated mood
OCD
disorder characterized by repetitive thoughts and actions
Schizophrenia
groups of disorders marked by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and actions
hallucination
false sensory experience
panic attack
sudden escalation of anxiety often accompanied by sensation of choking or other physical symptoms