psychosis
Inability to tell the difference between the real and the unreal
-ex: schizophrenia
perception, thought, emotion, behavior
4 things psychosis interferes with the functioning of
1, 19, 50
Prevalence of schizophrenia: ___% of population, equal distribution across cultural groups
-cost: ___ billion a year
-make up about ___% of hospital beds
males, males, estrogen
gender differences in schizophrenia:
-___ more severe-higher rates of hospitalization and poorer outcomes
-earlier age of onset in ___ in early 20s, may happen because this gender doesn't cope as well as the other gender, other gender more likely to seek
20, chronic, episodic, remit
___% of schizophrenia patients experience just one episode
-law of thirds
-1/3 are ___
-1/3 are ___
-1/3 ___
-estimates of suicide: 10-15%
chronic
type of schizophrenia where medication doesn't help and the disorder doesn't go away
episodic
type of schizophrenia where there are periods of recovery and periods of getting worse, stress brings out worse periods
remit
type of schizophrenia where the symptoms are almost gone or gone without medication
independently
despite stigma, most persons living with schizophrenia live ___
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought and speech, disorganized behavior
4 positive symptoms of schizophrenia
persecutory, delusions of reference, grandiose delusions, delusions of thought control
4 types of delusions
delusions
positive symptom of schizophrenia where there are fixed or false beliefs had by the person
persecutory
type of schizophrenic delusion where you think people are out to get you, paranoid, they feel that they're being persecuted
delusions of reference
type of schizophrenic delusion where you see meaning in things, think that these things are arranged to tell you something
-ex: billboard was put somewhere to send you a message, you then act on that message
grandiose delusions
type of schizophrenic delusion where you think you have special powers or are God
-ex: Isaac referred to himself as a rock star
delusions of thought control
type of schizophrenic delusion where you think everyone can see your thoughts
insertion, withdrawal, broadcasting
3 types of delusions of thought control
insertion
type of delusion of thought control where you think thoughts are being put in your head
withdrawal
type of delusion of thought control where you think thoughts are being taken out of your head
broadcasting
type of delusion of thought control where you think everyone can see your thoughts
hallucinations
positive symptom of schizophrenia where there are unreal perceptual experiences
-can have these in all 5 senses but hearing and seeing are most common
-ex: hearing voices
disorganized thought and speech
positive symptom of schizophrenia where people slip from one topic to a seemingly unrelated topic with little coherent transition
-ex: word salad, incoherent to the listener, loose associations
loose associations
speech that connects in a loose way but doesn't make any sense and is very hard to follow
-ex: "The problem is insects. My brother used to collect insects. He's now a man 5 foot 10 inches. You know, 10 is my favorite number. I also like to dance, draw, an
neologisms
where the person may make up words that mean something only to him or her
clangs
where the person may make associations between words that are based on the sounds of the words rather than on the content
catatonia
type of disorganized behavior which is a positive symptom of schizophrenia that reflects unresponsiveness to the world
-happens when person hasn't been treated for schizophrenia
-may happen because of dysfunction in part of brain that filters stimuli and
disorganized behavior
type of positive symptom of schizophrenia where the person has problems in dressing, feeding, and grooming
-characterized by unpredictable agitation and highly inappropriate behavior
stereotyped behavior
type of disorganized behavior in schizophrenics where there is an act of engaging in purposeless behaviors repetitively over long periods of time
disorganization
Breakdown in the ability to think coherently and respond in a meaningful way
flat affect, inappropriate affect, alogia, anhedonia, avolition
5 negative symptoms of schizophrenia
flat affect
negative symptom of schizophrenia where there is a severe reduction or complete absence of affective (emotional) responses to the environment
-ex: somebody setting their house on fire and just sitting down and watching tv
inappropriate affect
negative symptoms of schizophrenia where people say inappropriate things, behavior doesn't match situation
-ex: talking about the death of a loved one and then laughing
alogia
negative symptom of schizophrenia where there is a poverty of speech
-Severe reduction or complete absence of speech
anhedonia
negative symptom of schizophrenia where there is a lack of pleasure in everything
avolition
negative symptom of schizophrenia where there is an Inability to persist at common, goal-oriented tasks
-May withdrawal and become socially isolated
negative, positive, cognitive
in schizophrenia, ___ symptoms occur first before ___ symptoms
-this type of deficit comes before everything
cognitive, attention, executive, working
type of symptoms with schizophrenia that are characterized by deficits in basic cognitive processes, including ___, abstract thinking, ___ functioning, and memory
-deficits in ___ memory
1 month, 6 months
to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, a person must have at least 2 of the positive and/or negative symptoms during a ___ ___ period, have impairment in work, relationships and self-care, and have continued signs of disturbance for at least ___ ___
paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual
5 subtypes of schizophrenia (PRUDC)
paranoid
subtype of schizophrenia where there are prominent delusions and hallucinations; no prominent negative symptoms
disorganized
subtype of schizophrenia where there is disorganized speech, behavior, affect and any hallucinations/delusions are not organized
catatonic
subtype of schizophrenia where there is marked psychomotor disturbance
undifferentiated
subtype of schizophrenia where there are schizophrenic symptoms but does not meet criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic
residual
subtype of schizophrenia where there are no prominent positive symptoms but continued negative or attenuated positive ones
prodromal symptoms
symptoms of schizophrenia that are present before people go into the acute phase of schizophrenia
residual symptoms
symptoms of schizophrenia that are present after the person emerges from the acute phase of schizophrenia
negative
the ___ symptoms of schizophrenia are especially prominent in the prodromal and residual phases of the disorder
positive
the ___ symptoms of schizophrenia respond better to treatment
stigma
beliefs and attitudes held by a society that are ascribed to groups considered deviant in some manner
-ex: Belief that those with schizophrenia are violent
-reality: Those with schizophrenia are more likely to be victims of crime than perpetrators. They a
labeled, undesirable, discriminated
components of stigma:
-Group is ___
-Label associated with ___ attributes
-Labeled group seen as "not one of us"
-Group is ___ against
NAMI, 1/3, 1/5, 1/3
the ___ survey of 1301 consumers showed that:
-___ of mental patients were turned down for health insurance
-half overheard hurtful comments
-___ turned away when volunteered services
-___ turned down for job because of label
-3/4 avoid disclosing
schizoaffective disorder
a mix of schizophrenia and a mood disorder
-simultaneously experience schizophrenic symptoms and mood symptoms meeting the criteria for a major depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed mania/depression
-requires at least 2 weeks of hallucinations o
schizophreniform disorder
disorder that shows the primary critera for schizophrenia but show symptoms lasting only 1 to 6 months
brief psychotic disorder
disorder characterized by the sudden onset of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or disorganized behavior that lasts only between 1 day and 1 month, after which the symptoms vanish completely
delusional disorder
disorder characterized by delusions lasting at least 1 month regarding situations that occur in real life, such as being followed, poisoned, or deceived by a spouse or having a disease; people with this disorder do not show any other symptoms of schizophr
shared psychotic disorder
disorder in which individuals have a delusion that develops from a relationship with another person who already as delusions
antipsychotics
type of medication for schizophrenia that:
-Reduce relapse rates compared to no medications (Shown in 200+ studies)
-Reduce positive symptoms
-About 70% of individuals with schizophrenia have improved symptom control on these
typicals, atypicals
first generation antipsychotics are known as ___ while second generation antipsychotics are known as ___
typicals
type of antipsychotic that acts on dopamine
-Higher risk of EPS symptoms (motor dysfunctions)
atypicals
type of antipsychotic that act on both dopamine and serotonin
-Reduced risk of EPS symptoms and TD but increased risk of weight gain
tardive dyskinesia
type of side effect with antipsychotics that involves:
-Involuntary movements ("tics") such as lip-smacking and facial grimaces, rapid eye-blinking
-Risk increases with continued use of antipsychotic (~ 5% increase in cases per year
-(Mostly) Irreversible
antipsychotics
side effects of ___:
-Drowsiness
-Weight gain
-Blurred vision
-Dry mouth
-Sexual dysfunction
medication+therapy
best treatment for individuals with schizophrenia that has least likely relapse
assertive community treatment, supported employment, family psychoeducation, integrated dual disorders treatment, illness management and recovery
5 evidence based practices psychosocial treatments for SMI (serious mental illness) (ASFII)
assertive community treatment
evidence based practice for treatment of SMI
-TEAM APPROACH to serving the most severely mentally ill
-Ratio of 1:10 staff to consumers
-Team members have specific roles (e.g. nurse, psychiatric, vocational specialist, substance abuse specialist, etc.)
-M
illness management and recovery program
evidence based practice for treatment of SMI
-Recovery Model
-10 modules that teach concept of recovery, coping skills, illness self-management (relapse prevention, medication management, psychoeducation, etc.), and getting needs met.
-Significant improve
remission, improvement, recovery, individual
the illness management and recovery practice for treatment of SMI
-looks for a complete ___ of symptoms
-very few can achieve recovery under this definition
-ignores ___
-___ movement: deeply personal unique process, might still have symptoms but can stil
peer specialist movement
type of therapy where consumer provider=peer support
-Consumers who provide other consumers with mental health services
-VA initiative
-Involvement on ACT teams in Indiana
-pros: people with disorders helping other people with disorders, work is meaningfu