Abnormal psychology
The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.
norms
a society's stated and unstated rules for proper conduct.
culture
a people's common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts
Deviance
different, extreme, unusual, perhaps even bizarre
Behavior that deviates from the cultural norms
distress
unpleasant and upsetting to the person
-The individual maybe suffering from what they are experiencing
Dysfunctional
Interfering with the person's ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way
-Behavior and thinking behavior that makes them unable to function normally (i.e., hold a job, keep clean, hold relationships)
-Or a person's inability to conform to t
Danger
Their behavior might put themselves or others in danger
What are the four D's?
Danger, Deviance, Dysfunction, and Distress
What can cause an individual to become distressed or dysfunctional?
A stressful or traumatic event
What is Another Reason why a person may appear to be abnormal?
An individual may just be eccentric and not be suffering from a abnormal psychological disorder
(Just cause they are odd doesn't mean that they are crazy)
Context
The environment, the culture, and how tolerant is the society
Social Judgements
What may be acceptable in California may not be accepted elsewhere
Subjectivity
what are your Morals and Values
Ancient World (200 B.c......)
During this time they explained abnormal behavior by being supernatural (spirits, demons).
Treatment:
-exorcism
-trephination
Greek/Roman (2000 B.c. - 500A.D.)
During this time they explained abnormal behavior......
-This was the first time individuals came up with a chemical imbalance (humors) theory , the individual who did was Hippocrates.
Treatment:
-Bleeding
-Healthy lifestyle
Middle Ages
During this time they explained abnormal behavior......
-They returned to Demonology for being an explanation for abnormal behavior.
-Also they thought that the individual maybe in conflict with good vs. evil
Treatment:
-exorcisms
-If, exorcisms didn't wo
Renaissance
During this time they explained abnormal behavior......
-This was when decline of demonology and the rise of "illness view" of mental health
Treatment:
-Asylums (aslya) started to take form
-They were humane, but custodial treatment, but eventually became
19th Century
During thus time they explained abnormal behavior.......
-Still the "illness View"
Treatment:
-They began with Moral Treatment, the individuals need guidance and compassion and by helping them function they would get better.
-But then the Moral Treatment
20th Century
During this time they explained abnormal behavior......
-There was two perspectives that explained abnormal behavior.
-Somatogenic Perspective: physical explanation for abnormal behavior
Treatment:
-Surgery's: Dental, bleeding, lobotomy, and Sterilization
1952
During this time they explained abnormal behavior.....
-Psychotropic medications were invented like, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anti anxiety........they were used for treatment
Present Day
During this time they explained abnormal behavior.....
-It is a combination of biopsychosocial : somatogenic & psychogenic
Psychoanalyst
Degrees: M.D. or PhD
Setting: Private Practice
Activities: Psychodynamic, Psychotherapy (talk therapy)
Client: "Neurotics" anxious and distressed
Psychiatrist
Degree: M.D.
Setting: Hospitals, outpatient clinics, and private practice
Activities: asses an prescribe medication, occasional psychotherapy
Client: Full Spectrum
Clinical Psychologist
Degree: PhD, PsyD
Setting: Hospitals, outpatient clinics, private practice
Activities: Testing, assessment, treatment supervision, psychotherapy
Clients: Full spectrum
Social worker
Degree: MSW /DSW
Setting: Hospitals, outpatient clinics, private practice, and community agencies
Activities: Psychotherapy, Psychoeducation
Clients: Full spectrum
Professional Counselors Marriage and Family
Degree: MA, MS, PhD
Setting: Hospitals, outpatient clinics, private practice, and community agencies
Activities: Psychotherapy
Clients: Full spectrum
Psychiatric Nurses
Degree: BA or MA
Setting: Don't practice independently
Observation
Goals: Description
-The focus of behavior not verbal
Case Study
Goals: Description
-Allows us to view rare cases
Limitations: they do not go into depth of understanding
-It is a detailed account of a person's life and psychological problems
Correlational Studies (method)
Goals: Prediction
-Looking at two variables
-they use tests and surgery's
Limitation: Can't conclude Cause and Effect
-A research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other.
Correlation
The degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other.
Experimental Method (Theory Development)
Goals: Explanation
-They help generate hypothesis
-They do allow us to see the cause and effect
-A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of the manipulation is observed.
Independent Variable
The variable in an experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable
Dependent Variable
The variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated.
-The Measured (observed) Variable
Extraneous Variable
Variables that may affect the study
Trephination
An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior
Humors
According to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning
-Yellow Bile: Caused frenzied activity
-Black Bile: the source of unshakeable shakes
Psychoanalysis
Either the theory or treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology
Psychotropic Medications
Drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning.
Deinstitutionalization
The practice begun in the 1960's of releasing hundred of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals
Prevention
Interventions aimed at deterring disorders before they develop
Positive Psychology
The study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities.
Multicultural Psychology
The field that examines the impact of culture, race, gender, and similar factors on our behaviors and focuses on how such factors may influence abnormal behavior
Managed Care Program
A system of health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of services.
Scientific method
The process of systematically gathering and evaluating information through careful observations to gain an understanding of a phenomenon