Abnormal Psychology: Ch 7

Mixed episode

a condition in which a person is characterized by symptoms of both full-blown manic and major depressive episodes for at least 1 week, whether the symptoms are intermixed or alternate rapidly every few days

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

class of antidepressant drugs sometimes used for treating depression

Mood congruent

delusions or hallucinations that are consistent with a person's mood

Mood disorders

disturbances of mood that are intense and persistent enough to be clearly maladaptive

Negative cognitive triad

negative thoughts about the self, the world and the future

Pessimistic attributional style

cognitive style involving a tendency to make internal, stable and global attributions for negative life events

Rapid cycling

a pattern of bipolar disorder involving at least four manic or depressive episodes per year

Rumination

refers to the process of going over and over in ones mind or going over a thought repeatedly time and again

Specifiers

different patterns of symptoms that sometimes characterize major depressive episodes which may help predict the course and preferred treatments for the condition

Tricyclic antidepressants

medications used to treat depression and sometimes anxiety disorders that are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at the synapse

Unipolar depressive disorder

mood disorder in which a person experiences only depressive episodes

Attributions

process of assigning causes to things that happen

Behavioral activation treatment

treatment for depression in which the patient and the therapist work together to help find ways to become more active and engaged with life

Bipolar disorder

mood disorder in which a person experiences both depressive and manic episodes

Bipolar disorder I

a form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both manic (or mixed) episodes and major depressive episodes

Bipolar disorder II

a form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes

Chronic major depressive disorder

a disorder in which a major depressive episodes does not remit over a two year period

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

therapy based on altering dysfunctional thoughts and cognitive distortions

Cyclothymic disorder

mild mood disorder characterized by cyclical periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms

Depression

emotional state characterized by extraordinary sadness and dejection

Depressogenic schemas

dysfunctional beliefs that are rigid, extreme, and counterproductive and that are thought to leave one susceptible to depression when experiencing stress

Double depression

this condition is diagnosed when a person with dysthymia has a superimposed major depressive episode

Dysfunctional disorder

primarily secondary to muscle weakness or tension

Dysthmic disorder

moderately severe mood disorder characterized by a persistently depressed mood most of the day for more days than not for at least 2 years. Additional symptoms may include poor appetite; sleep disturbance, lack of energy, low self-esteem, difficulty concentrating and feelings of hopelessness.

Electroconclusive therapy (ECT)

use of electricity to produce convulsions and unconsciousness; a treatment used primarily to alleviate depressive and manic episodes; shock therapy

Hypomania

a mild form of mania

Hypomanic episode

a condition lasting at least 4 days in which a person experiences abnormally elevated, expansive or elevated mood. At least 3 out of 7 other designated symptoms similar to those in a manic episode must also be present but to a lesser degree than in mania

Interpersonal therapy (IPT)

a time-limited psychotherapy approach that focuses on there interpersonal context and on building interpersonal skills

Major depressive disorder

moderate to severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes but no hypomanic, manic or mixed episodes

Major depressive episode

a mental condition in which a person must by markedly depressed for most of every day for most days for at least 2 weeks. Also a total of at least 5 out of 9 designated symptoms must also be present during the same time period

With atypical features

includes a pattern of symptoms characterized by marked mood reactivity, as well as at least 2 out of 4 other designated symptoms

With catatonic features

characterized by severe disturbances in motor function

With melancholic features

includes marked symptoms of loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities plus at least 3 of 6 other designated symptoms

Mania

emotional state characterized by intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria

Manic episode

a condition in which a person shows markedly elevated, euphoric or expansive mood often interrupted by occasional outbursts of intense irritability or even violence that lasts for at least 1 week. Also at least 3 out of 7 other designated symptoms must also occur