Abnormal Psychology

Which of the following is not an aspect of the definition of psychological disorders?
a. The atypical response element, which states that a deviation from normal behavior is evidence of a psychological disorder
b. The psychodynamic element, which suggests

Answer: B

The scientist-practitioner model of psychology focuses on
a. the psychologist's use of scientific principles to study which treatments are most effective and to decide which treatment to use.
b. the psychologist's use of statistics, such as prevalence and

Answer: A

Louie was barking like a dog and walking on his hands and knees. A professional thought the cause of Louie's problem was that he had an excess of a particular neurotransmitter, so she prescribed a drug for him. The professional is most likely a __________

Answer: D

The Oedipus complex, which, according to Freud, occurs during the __________ stage of psychosexual development, is characterized by_____________ __________.
a. genital; penis envy
b. oral; penis envy
c. phallic; castration anxiety
d. latency; castration a

Answer: C

One of the results of the discovery that the disease syphilis and the disordered behavior that results from it are both caused by the same bacterial microorganism was
a. mental health professionals began to think that other psychological disorders might b

Answer: A

The phenomenon in which entire groups of people simultaneously begin to behave abnormally is known as
a. mass hysteria.
b. exorcism.
c. lunacy.
d. melancholy.

Answer: A

Which of the following is an incorrect match between a drug and the problem it is used to treat?
a. Reserpine: aggression
b. Benzodiazepines: panic attacks
c. Bromides: hallucinations
d. Neuroleptics: delusions

Answer: C

Breuer discovered that
a. hysterical symptoms were alleviated after patients discussed them under hypnosis.
b. dogs salivate to a bell if the bell is rung prior to feeding.
c. discussing problems while hypnotized leads to patient insight.
d. general pares

Answer: A

Which of the following is not true of classical conditioning?
a. It involves pairing of a UCS and a CS.
b. It was demonstrated by Pavlov with his dogs.
c. It involves shaping procedures.
d. The CR can be eliminated in a process called extinction.

Answer: C

The elements of person-centered therapy include
a. hypnosis and catharsis.
b. reinforcement and shaping.
c. rest and relaxation.
d. unconditional positive regard and empathy.

Answer: D

Your best friend tells you she has just gotten a job in a Veteran's Administration hospital where she will administer and interpret tests, diagnose and treat mental disorders, and continue her research on chronic disorders. All of her training in ________

Answer: D

Alarmingly, in some areas where the rate of new cases of AIDS had been declining, it has begun increasing again. The statistic that tells us this information is
a. incidence.
b. correlation.
c. deviation.
d. prevalence.

Answer: A

Therapist Dr. X (not her real name) is working with a client who is heavily involved with body-piercing. The client enjoys it, but Dr. X thinks the amount is so excessive she considers it abnormal behavior. She is employing which definition of abnormality

Answer: B

As a psychiatrist, you have a client experiencing anxiety and panic attacks. You most likely prescribe
a. reserpine.
b. benzodiazepines.
c. bromides.
d. neuroleptics.

Answer: B

Early findings apparently supporting psychoanalytic therapy were based on
a. scientific inquiry.
b. case studies.
c. introspection.
d. literature reviews.

Answer:B

Defense mechanisms may be important in treatment planning because they
a. cannot be studied scientifically.
b. are most prevalent in people with psychological disorders.
c. have potential significance in the study of schizophrenia.
d. may differ for diffe

Answer: D

An individual who blocks disturbing thoughts or experiences from conscious awareness is said to be using the defense mechanism
a. sublimation.
b. rationalization.
c. projection.
d. repression.

Answer: D

The purpose of psychoanalysis is
a. to reduce the symptoms of a disorder.
b. to examine ego defenses.
c. to reveal unconscious conflicts.
d. to overcome the Oedipal complex.

Answer: C

One key difference between Jung and Adler was that
a. Jung focused on the individual reaching his or her potential, while Adler emphasized the significance of the individual's contributions to a society.
b. Adler focused on the individual reaching his or

Answer: C

Tim owns a cat who licks her chops when she hears cellophane cat food packets being opened. This is not a skill she or her wild ancestors learned in the jungle. According to a classical conditioning account, the cellophane sound is
a. a conditioned stimul

Answer: A

What is Joseph Wolpe's most noted contribution to psychology?
a. Systematic desensitization as a means of therapy
b. The discovery that fear can be repressed through familiarity with the feared object
c. The definition of operant conditioning
d. The disco

Answer: A

Human behavior, both normal and abnormal, is the result of biological, psychological, and social factors
a. competing.
b. operating independently.
c. interacting.
d. conflicting.

Answer: C

The part of the nervous system that is activated in times of stress is the _______________ nervous system.
a. parasympathetic
b. somatic
c. sympathetic
d. central

Answer: C

Which of the following is an incorrect combination of neurotransmitter and what it affects?
a. Norepinephrine; emergency reactions
b. Serotonin; moderation and regulation of behavior
c. Benzodiazepine and GABA; general anxiety
d. Dopamine; depression

Answer: D

Obsessive-compulsive disorder appears to be linked to the area of the brain called the __________________. The implications of this finding are that__________________.
a. orbital frontal cortex; although the disorder is related to a particular brain circu

Answer: A

Research indicates that the relationship between psychological treatment and brain circuits is such that
a. psychological treatment works regardless of the brain circuit activity.
b. psychological treatment can alter brain circuits.
c. brain circuit activ

Answer: B

According to studies with monkeys, a sense of control can influence
a. responses to neurotransmitters.
b. self-esteem.
c. egotism.
d. degree of yoking.

Answer: A

Psychological conditioning involves
a. learning a relationship between two events.
b. salivating to a metronome.
c. adding body and manageability to one's hair.
d. learning to salivate to food.

Answer: A

Seligman's main contribution to psychology was the concept of ___________; Bandura's was the notion of ____________.
a. modeling; observational learning
b. observational learning; learned helplessness
c. learned helplessness; modeling
d. modeling; learned

Answer: C

According to the principle of prepared learning, humans
a. are genetically predisposed to know certain things.
b. inherit a capacity to learn certain things that are beneficial to the survival of the species.
c. ready to learn to read by the age of six.
d

Answer: B

The two neurotransmitters referred to as the "chemical brothers" are
a. serotonin and dopamine.
b. dopamine and GABA.
c. glutamate and GABA.
d. epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Answer: C

The "fight or flight" response refers to
a. an Air Force principle for dealing with conflict.
b. a typical response to learned helplessness.
c. a technique used in Ellis's rational-emotive therapy.
d. an alarm reaction in the face of adverse circumstances

Answer: D

Research comparing psychological interventions (talk therapy) to biological interventions (medication) suggest that talk therapy affects the brain from the _____ ______, and biological interventions affects the brain from the _________ _________.
a. botto

Answer: B

The endocrine system is important because it
a. produces the neurotransmitters that determine bodily growth.
b. produces hormones that are implicated in some psychological problems.
c. produces the hormones that directly cause some psychological disorders

Answer: B

Judy's blood-injury-injection phobia described in the text was likely caused by
a. a biological predisposition.
b. behavioral influences.
c. social influences.
d. all of the above

Answer: D

A one-dimensional causal model
a. uses only one perspective, such as behaviorism, to treat a disorder.
b. attributes a disorder to a single cause.
c. notes that many paths lead to the same disorder.
d. looks at only one disorder at a time.

Answer: B

Most behavioral geneticists think that psychological disorders are influenced by
a. single genes.
b. several different genes, each of which determines the severity of the disorder.
c. many genes, each of which exerts only a small effect.
d. no genes in pa

Answer: C

Which of the following is true?
a. If either a diathesis or a stress is present, a disorder will develop.
b. If both a diathesis and stress are present, a disorder will develop.
c. The smaller the diathesis, the greater the stress needs to be to produce a

Answer: C

Which part of the brain gives humans the capacity to think, plan, and reason?
a. Cerebellum
b. Thalamus
c. Limbic system
d. Cerebral cortex

Answer: D

This lobe is the part of the brain that is used for reasoning and relating to the world as humans.
a. Cerebral
b. Temporal
c. Limbic
d. Frontal

Answer: D

Reuptake refers to
a. a neurotransmitter being released at the synaptic cleft.
b. a neuron reabsorbing a neurotransmitter after it is released.
c. a neurotransmitter attaching to a receptor cell.
d. a neurotransmitter being broken down at the synaptic cle

Answer: A

A circuit of this system controls alarm reactions.
a. Noradrenergic
b. Dopamine
c. 5-HT
d. GABA

Answer: A

Which of the following could result in learned helplessness?
a. Being in a stressful situation one cannot control
b. Being in a stressful situation and refusing to control it
c. Being in control and then encountering stressors
d. Perceiving control when n

Answer: A

While many fears are learned, some are more easily learned, or more prepared to be learned than others. The most likely fear-prepared stimulus below would be
a. rocks.
b. guns.
c. spiders.
d. electrical outlets.

Answer: C

Which of the following is a problem with the snapshot approach to psychological disorders?
a. It leads to poor prognosis.
b. It fails to account for change over time.
c. Faulty perceptions lead to improper diagnoses.
d. It neglects certain symptoms.

Answer: D

Which of the following accurately illustrates the reciprocal gene-environment model of interaction?
a. Due to her phobia of cats, May avoids them.
b. Joan knows her father is an alcoholic, so she avoids alcohol.
c. Tony has a predisposition to develop a b

Answer: D

Inverse agonists have a(an) _____________ effect on neurotransmitters.
a. opposite
b. decreasing
c. increasing
d. no

Answer: A

Equifinality refers to the idea that
a. different paths may lead to the same outcome.
b. a psychological disorder is caused by more than one factor.
c. a disorder will have a different prognosis, depending on the individual.
d. the same disorder can have

Answer: A

The diagnostic report states "The patient was oriented to time and space, showed appropriate affect, and could do simple calculations. Short and long-term memory were intact." Someone has done
a. a mental status exam.
b. psychophysiological testing.
c. pr

Answer: A

You are deciding whether to purchase a new assessment measure your staff will use in your psychology clinic. The factor(s) you should consider include
a. its reliability.
b. its validity.
c. its standardization.
d. all of the above

Answer: D

The mental status exam does not directly involve
a. observing a person's appearance.
b. noting the presence of delusions, hallucinations, or ideas of reference.
c. determining whether the condition is due to a medical problem.
d. determining mood and affe

Answer: C

One advantage of a formal observation, as compared to an informal observation, is that
a. formal observations are easier to make.
b. formal observations rarely require the use of naturalistic settings.
c. formal observations are more reliable due to the f

Answer: C

On the MMPI, results are assessed according to
a. how the pattern of answers corresponds to that of people diagnosed with a specific disorder.
b. how often the individual refers to specific ideas, such as aggression or sexuality.
c. the degree of emotiona

Answer: A

Binet, in an attempt to predict which children would succeed in school, developed
a. a sentence completion test.
b. an intelligence test based on an intelligence quotient.
c. an intelligence test based on deviation IQS.
d. achievement testing.

Answer: B

Marguerite is tested for brain damage. Although her test results indicate that she has no brain damage, in reality, she has a brain tumor. Her test results indicate a __________, which is a problem because
a. false positive; she will not get the treatment

Answer: C

The CAT scan neuroimaging technique
a. uses x-rays to portray brain structures.
b. uses magnetic fields to portray brain structures.
c. follows tracer elements in the nervous system.
d. uses magnetic fields to portray brain functions.
e. studies brains of

Answer: A

This instrument measures brain-wave activity by recording the electrical activity of the brain.
a. CAT scan
b. MRI
c. EEG
d. SPECT

Answer: C

A prognosis is based primarily upon
a. information about the course of the disorder in other individuals.
b. whether the symptoms an individual exhibits correspond to the DSM-IV category for a particular disorder.
c. the treatment options available to the

Answer: A

The classical and dimensional approaches to nosology differ in that
a. the classical approach uses categories, and the dimensional approach uses prototypes.
b. the classical approach uses prototypes, and the dimensional approach uses profiles.
c. the clas

Answer: C

According to the textbook, DSM-IV is based on the
a. classical system of nosology.
b. dimensional system of nosology.
c. categorical system of nosology.
d. prototypical system of nosology.

Answer: D

Psychophysiological assessment techniques are used to
a. determine the physiological causes of psychological disorders.
b. measure bodily changes, such as heart rate and anxiety, associated with psychological processes.
c. analyze the functioning of the b

Answer: B

More recent DSM versions have promoted all but which of the following?
a. Wide acceptance among mental health professionals
b. Higher reliability
c. Greater correspondence between categories and their theories of etiology
d. Multi-axial approach to diagno

Answer: C

As a clinician, you begin your initial assessment interviews by
a. asking broad, open-ended questions.
b. asking specific questions related to the diagnosis.
c. assessing neurological development.
d. giving clients diagnostic tests.

Answer: A

The purpose of standardization is
a. to make a diagnosis predictive.
b. to increase the scores on a test.
c. to determine whether a technique is appropriate.
d. to make techniques consistent and comparable.

Answer: D

The purpose of structured and semi-structured interviews is
a. to collect necessary information in a standard way to allow for comparison with similar individuals.
b. to initiate treatment.
c. to increase confidentiality.
d. to help develop the therapist/

Answer: A

A young woman was intently observing a handsome young man. He noticed her observations and promptly turned away and blushed. This is an example of
a. self-monitoring.
b. formal observation.
c. reactivity.
d. clinical diagnosis of narcissistic personality

Answer: C

You would expect a remorseless, seasoned criminal to score highly on which scale of the MMPI?
a. Paranoia
b. Psychopathic deviation
c. Psychasthenia
d. Social introversion

Answer: B

A false positive result on your neuropsychological test is problematic because
a. damage that requires treatment is more likely to be overlooked.
b. no neurological damage may be actually present.
c. it may call for unnecessary and expensive further testi

Answer: D

If you wished to look for possible damage in a client's brain, which technique would be appropriate?
a. Neuropsychological testing
b. PET scan
c. Autopsy
d. All of these

Answer: D

If using the diagnosis "depressed" allows you as a clinician to determine an effective treatment and give an accurate prognosis, the diagnosis has
a. reliability.
b. criterion validity.
c. construct validity.
d. content validity.

Answer: B

Comorbidity refers to
a. a disorder that manifests itself in several ways.
b. the same disorder being diagnosed for two members of a family.
c. more than one disorder diagnosed for the same individual.
d. the severity of a particular disorder.

Answer: C

The reason that a possible mixed anxiety-depression diagnosis is considered for DSM inclusion is
a. the disorder was theoretically sound.
b. the symptoms were often seen in primary care settings.
c. the disorder was scientifically based.
d. the disorder h

Answer: B

Emily has been evaluated by three different professionals, each of whom offers a different diagnosis. She wonders whether the field has any standards because their judgments obviously lack
a. statistical significance.
b. clinical utility.
c. reliability.

Answer: C

We can use a computer to score polygraph tracings to eliminate human judgment and error and, thus, increase ____________. To call this system a "lie detector" is a question of ____________.
a. validity; ethics
b. validity; standardization
c. sensitivity;

Answer: D

Anxiety is
a. an immediate alarm reaction to stressful situations.
b. usually a sign of an underdeveloped ego.
c. potentially helpful in planning for the future.
d. always a hindrance to adaptive functioning.

Answer: C

Batman is walking down a dark alley in Gotham City. Suddenly, a dark figure jumps out from behind a trash bin and points a gun at him. Batman turns and runs, faster than a speeding bullet. This is an example of
a. alarm response.
b. panic.
c. anxiety.
d.

Answer: A

Paula has frequent panic attacks, but only when she views the national news on television. However, she does not experience a panic attack every time she sees the national news. Paula's panic attacks would be classified as
a. unexpected.
b. situationally

Answer: C

Which of the following is the area of the brain most often associated with anxiety?
a. Occipital lobe
b. Orbital frontal lobe
c. Medulla
d. Limbic system

Answer: D

Research suggesting that cigarette smoking by teenagers increases the risk for developing anxiety disorders as adults indicates that
a. the negative effects of smoking are permanent.
b. environmental factors can affect susceptibility to the development of

Answer: B

Elliot constantly worries about his health, his finances, his job security, and the stability of his marriage. Often, his worries keep him awake at night, causing him to be so fatigued at work that he cannot perform his duties adequately. His wife is beco

Answer: B

Which of the following observations is not true of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder?
a. They are more sensitive to threats than are other people.
b. They show more responsiveness on physiological measures than individuals with other anxiety d

Answer: B

Which of the following is an example of interoceptive avoidance?
a. Martha does not enter public restrooms for fear of disease.
b. Ronald does not visit his mother-in-law because she makes him anxious.
c. Noel does not go to church for fear of having a pa

Answer: D

The main element in psychological treatment of panic disorders is
a. benzodiazepines.
b. hypnosis.
c. exposure to the feared symptoms.
d. teaching avoidance techniques.

Answer: C

Sportscaster John Madden's fear and avoidance of flying is an example of
a. generalized anxiety disorder.
b. panic disorder with agoraphobia.
c. specific phobia.
d. panic disorder without agoraphobia.

Answer: C

Pa-leng" is
a. a fear of cold found in Chinese cultures.
b. a Japanese form of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. a phobia stemming from paternal abuse.
d. the sound that money makes when it falls into the therapist's pocket.

Answer: A

A specific phobia involving motorcycles can develop as a result of a predisposition to develop fear combined with
a. watching another person experience a motorcycle accident.
b. hearing your mother repeatedly warn you about the doom associated with motorc

Answer: D

The most common phobia, the fear of public speaking, is an example of
a. specific phobia.
b. agoraphobia.
c. social phobia.
d. specific, situational phobia.

Answer: C

Ritualistic, repeated actions designed to prevent intrusive thoughts are called
a. obsessions.
b. convulsions.
c. compulsions.
d. delusions.

Answer: C

Psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder usually involves
a. ritual prevention.
b. medication.
c. exposure to feared stimuli.
d. both a and c

Answer: D

Anxiety is difficult to study because
a. humans may manifest it in many different ways.
b. animal research cannot be applied to our understanding of the human anxiety experience.
c. it is implicated in only a few types of psychopathology.
d. it has no phy

Answer: A

External cues to panic attacks
a. may include increases in heart rate or respiration.
b. may be places similar to the one where the original panic attack occurred.
c. are only places where panic attacks have occurred in the past.
d. none of the above

Answer: A

External cues to panic attacks
a. may include increases in heart rate or respiration.
b. may be places similar to the one where the original panic attack occurred.
c. are only places where panic attacks have occurred in the past.
d. none of the above

Answer: B

Generalized anxiety disorder is considered the "basic" anxiety disorder because
a. it was the first anxiety disorder to be studied using animal models.
b. all the other anxiety disorders include intense generalized anxiety.
c. both a and b
d. it was the f

Answer: B

Valerie tells you that she has been receiving cognitive-behavioral treatment for her generalized anxiety disorder. This treatment most likely involves
a. bringing on the worry process during therapy sessions and confronting the anxiety-provoking images an

Answer: A

Rob presented at the clinic with complaints that he is terrified to go anywhere that does not have a bathroom for fear that he will begin vomiting and not be able to stop. He has had one panic attack and reported that a week after that attack, he felt no

Answer: D

Rita suffers from a panic disorder. After she begins exercising, her heart rate increases. A cognitive theorist would predict that Rita would
a. interpret the increased heart rate in a catastrophic way.
b. experience a surge of anxiety after interpreting

Answer: D

The following list of exercises would most likely be an example of which type of treatment, 1) shop in a crowded supermarket, 2) walk five blocks away from home, 3) drive?
a. Panic control treatment.
b. Cognitive-behavioral treatment.
c. Gradual exposure

Answer: C

How do individuals with blood-injury-injection phobia differ from those with other phobias?
a. In their avoidance behavior
b. In their physiological reaction
c. In their familial history of the disorder
d. Both b and c

Answer: D

You operate an anxiety-reduction clinic and know you can make predictions about your clientele. Who are most likely to seek treatment?
a. Overly reactive people with normal fears
b. People with blood-injection-injury phobia
c. People with GAD
d. People wi

Answer: D

In the treatment you offer most of your clients with anxiety disorders, you seek to relax muscle tension and reduce blood pressure and heart rate. The exception is
a. social phobia.
b. specific phobia.
c. blood-injection-injury disorder.
d. panic disorder

Answer: C

Acute stress disorder
a. is really PTSD occurring directly after the trauma.
b. can include dissociative symptoms.
c. is a new disorder in DSM-IV.
d. all of the above

Answer: D

Marjorie stopped attending temple for fear that she would yell obscenities at the rabbi during service. This is an example of
a. a compulsion.
b. a phobia.
c. an obsessive impulse.
d. a ritual.

Answer: C

What is the most prevalent psychological disorder?
a. Major depression
b. Posttraumatic stress disorder
c. Schizophrenia
d. Social phobia

Answer: D

Which of the following would not be present during a major depressive episode?
a. Changes in appetite and sleeping habits
b. Anxiety
c. Anhedonia
d. Grandiosity

Answer: D

Jenny has experienced long-standing feelings of depression that have never interfered with her productivity or functioning until now. During the past 10 days, she has experienced a depressed mood, feelings of emptiness, and a significant weight loss. Jenn

Answer: C

Bipolar II disorder is characterized by major depressive episodes alternating with _______________, while bipolar I disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of major depression and _______________.
a. mania; hypomania
b. hypomanic episodes; mania

Answer: B

Cyclothymic disorder
a. may be specified as a subtype of schizoaffective disorder.
b. includes both hypomanic and depressive symptoms.
c. includes symptoms of mania and hypomania.
d. cannot be diagnosed in children.

Answer: B

Richard, who has not responded well to medication, experiences six or more manic and depressive cycles in a year. Diagnosed with bipolar disorder, Richard is displaying
a. bipolar II disorder.
b. rapid cycling pattern.
c. seasonal patterning.
d. inexplica

Answer: B

People who grieve over the death of a loved one
a. may speed up the "process" of grief with intervention from a mental health professional.
b. may be predisposed to depressive disorders.
c. may exhibit undifferentiated dysthymia.
d. rarely exhibit impacte

Answer: D

Cross-cultural studies indicate that
a. the term "depression" is universal, but symptoms of it vary across cultures.
b. the symptoms of depression are universal, but the term "depression" varies across cultures.
c. the symptoms and terminology of depressi

Answer: C

The statement that best describes the role of serotonin in the etiology of depression is that
a. low levels of serotonin are solely responsible.
b. low serotonin levels appear to have an impact, but only in relation to other neurotransmitters.
c. elevated

Answer: B

Depressed people
a. exhibit erratic REM patterns over the course of several nights.
b. begin REM sleep earlier than do non-depressed people.
c. experience intense REM activity, but may not reach the stages of deepest sleep.
d. both b and c

Answer: D

Bipolar disorder
a. appears to occur independent of external events.
b. may be triggered by a traumatic event and maintained through some psychological mechanism.
c. is seen in a majority of adults who experienced severe early childhood trauma.
d. is diag

Answer: B

Seligman's theory on the depressive attributional style has generated substantial research. A conclusion that cannot be reached from the current conceptualization of the theory is that
a. the first response to a stressful situation is negative feelings ab

Answer: A

Women are more frequently diagnosed with mood and anxiety disorders than are men. A proposed explanation for this described in the text is
a. women tend to have more dopamine than men.
b. there is a high familial incidence of these disorders in families,

Answer: C

Tricyclic medications
a. have been widely used for depression in spite of a variety of side effects.
b. include imipramine, fluoxetine, and amitriptyline.
c. are not beneficial for children with attention problems, but are safe for children having major d

Answer: A

Travis suffers from acute major depressive episodes. He does not respond to therapeutic drugs and has been spotted pacing along the bridge near his home. Travis recently gave his therapist a favorite family heirloom. His psychiatrist is concerned about hi

Answer: A

IPT deals with four interpersonal issues. These include all but which of the following?
a. Issues of intimacy
b. Role disputes
c. Adjustment to loss
d. Social skills deficit correction

Answer: A

Feelings of depression
a. are very rare and occur only in people with a genetic predisposition.
b. occur only when triggered by a severely negative event.
c. occur only in people between the ages of 25 and 40.
d. are universal and experienced by everyone

Answer: D

What is the most common experience of depression?
a. Major depressive episode
b. Hypomanic episode
c. Catalepsy
d. Atypical episode

Answer: A

The average duration of an untreated depressive episode is
a. 2 years.
b. 1 year.
c. 6 months.
d. 9 months.

Answer: D

Which of the following people are experiencing symptoms of a manic episode?
a. Lorraine has inflated self-esteem and grandiosity
b. Tevon is irritable and is experiencing flight of ideas
c. Valerie suddenly goes on an excessive spending spree that she cle

Answer: D

Dysthymic disorder shares many of the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but differs in that
a. symptoms tend to be somewhat milder.
b. symptoms tend to be of shorter duration.
c. symptoms tend to be of longer duration.
d. both a and c

Answer: D

Dysthymic disorder is to major depressive episode as cyclothymic disorder is to
a. major depressive episode.
b. dysthymic disorder.
c. bipolar disorder.
d. none of the above

Answer: C

Mood disorder prevention research focuses on
a. decreasing conflict.
b. teaching social skills to adolescents.
c. teaching financial skills to the elderly.
d. medications.

Answer: B

Which of the following is not a stage of interpersonal therapy?
a. Negotiation stage
b. Impasse stage
c. Resolution stage
d. Treatment stage

Answer: D

Lyle is 23 years old. His mother died two weeks ago, and since then he has been so upset that he has unable to eat or sleep. He has been crying a great deal. The death was completely unexpected, and Lyle has been alternating between feeling sad, to feelin

Answer: D

Mack almost always draws conclusions from situations that emphasize the negative rather than the positive. This is an example of
a. overgeneralization.
b. learned helplessness.
c. delta commentary.
d. arbitrary inference.

Answer: D

Recently, there has been considerable interest in ____________ as an herbal treatment for depression.
a. Milk Thistle
b. St. John's Wort (hypericum)
c. Ginkgo Biloba
d. Saw Palmetto

Answer: B

____________ is the only country that has a higher suicide rate for women than for men.
a. China
b. Africa
c. The United States
d. Taiwan

Answer:???

The DSM uses a categorical approach to personality disorders. This is a problem because
a. the severity of the disorders is not given much consideration.
b. these disorders may simply be extreme degrees of normal patterns.
c. it may lead clinicians to vie

Answer: D

This week's first client shows a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. You diagnose ___________personality disorder, one of the dramatic, emotional, or erratic cluster of disorders.
a. narcissistic
b. schizoid
c. avoi

Answer: A

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluations, part of the anxious or fearful disorder cluster, is diagnosed as ____________ personality disorder.
a. narcissistic
b. schizoid
c. avoidant
d.

Answer: C

George lives every day on a strict schedule. He must have everything perfect and organized, and is excessively devoted to his work. However, he has difficulty completing projects. Which personality disorder is he likely to be diagnosed?
a. Paranoid
b. Obs

Answer: B

According to the text, which is NOT true in the treatment of paranoid personality disorder?
a. Clients often do not remain in therapy long enough to be helped.
b. Clients usually seek help for problems such as anxiety or depression, rather than for their

Answer: C

Dependent personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder have the following in common:
a. feelings of inadequacy.
b. sensitivity to criticism.
c. need for reassurance from others.
d. all of the above

Answer: D

Which of the following might be considered in treating an individual with schizotypal personality disorder?
a. Antidepressant medication
b. Social skills training
c. Encouraging acceptance of the behaviors without major changes
d. All of the above

Answer: D

Which is true of avoidant personality disorder?
a. Behavioral interventions for anxiety and social skills problems have had some success.
b. As with most personality disorders, research on treatment effectiveness is lacking.
c. Treatments are similar to t

Answer: D

The relationship between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
a. is a distant one; those with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend not to have the obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors of OCD.
b

Answer: A

Personality disorders involve enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that
a. may cause functional impairment.
b. may cause subjective distress.
c. cut across many times and places.
d. all of the above

Answer: D

The DSM-IV system of diagnosis is __________, whereas, many theorists propose that personality disorders occur on a continuum, rather than an all-or-none dichotomous fashion. These theorists propose changing to a ______________ system of diagnosis.
a. dim

Answer: B

In a study described in the text, when a case history of antisocial personality disorder was ascribed to a male client, therapists diagnosed it correctly. When the same behavior was ascribed to a woman,
a. their different diagnosis proved the existence of

Answer: B

When clinicians use subjective impressions of clients based on interpersonal interactions, rather than behavioral observations outlined by DSM criteria, more _______________ is likely to enter into diagnostic decisions.
a. bias
b. error
c. accuracy
d. exp

Answer: A

A diagnosis of more than one personality disorder in the same client
a. may indicate the disorders are poorly defined.
b. is called comorbidity.
c. may reveal substantial overlap among the disorder categories.
d. all of the above

Answer: D

Which of the following statements is NOT true about borderline personality disorder?
a. It is one of the more common personality disorders.
b. People with the disorder tend to improve during their 30s and 40s.
c. Women are affected by the disorder more of

Answer: D

A pervasive pattern of overconcern with orderliness, control, and perfectionism at the expense of openness and flexibility
a. is the DSM-IV category known as schizotypal personality disorder.
b. is the DSM-IV definition of obsessive-compulsive personality

Answer: B

Your client displays schizotypal personality disorder. Because you are a well-trained, responsible professional, you know to assess for a likely comorbid disorder, namely,
a. histrionic personality disorder.
b. major depressive disorder.
c. eating disorde

Answer: B

Deceitful, irresponsible, aggressive, irritable, and lacking remorse are characteristics describing
a. bipolar disorder.
b. antisocial personality disorder.
c. borderline personality disorder.
d. schizoid personality disorder.

Answer: B

DSM-IV calls for categorical judgments about the diagnosis for personality disorders. Imagine that the new DSM-V appears just as you earn your professional license in a few years, and it calls for dimensional determinations, as many current psychologists

Answer: D

Many people have fantasies of unlimited power, brilliance, or beauty, but a man who also believes himself grandly unique, entitled to special privileges, is arrogant, and expects to be admired and recognized as superior while envying others who are succes

Answer: C

A person identified as exhibiting avoidant personality disorder has just lost a close friend to a rival and is now seeking other friendships as replacements. You know the person
a. actually is desperate for nurturance.
b. will assume the worst about other

Answer: D