4 phases of sound production
design; recording; editing; mixing
Design
- Preproduction: what characters hear is potentially as significant as what they see.
- Production: Sound designers supervise the implementation of the sound design.
- Postproduction: Editing of the sound after the soundtrack has been cut along with the i
Sound design
the art of creating the sound for a film.
Elements describing film sound
Pitch; Loudness; amplitude; frequency; quality;
Sources of film sound
Diegetic or nondiegetic; on-screen or offscreen; internal or external
Diegetic sounds
within the film's world, heard by the audience & characters in the movie. sounds heard by both the movie's audience and characters.
Nondiegetic sounds
outside the film's world, heard only by the audience.
On-screen
emanates from a source that we can see
Off-screen
a source that we cannot see
Internal
whenever we hear thoughts of a character
External
within the world of the story. we assume that it is heard by the characters in that world.
Dialogue
is the speech of characters who are either visible on-screen or speaking off-screen
Ambient sound
sound from the setting or environment being filmed
Sound effects
artificially created sounds
Foley sounds
sounds created in sync with the screen
Apocalypse Now
- helicopter/ ceiling fan
- patriotic music in the end
Music in film
Can be written specifically for a film.
Diegetic Music
original score composed for the movie
Nondiegetic Music
recorded at the very end of the editing process so that it can accurately match the images
Irony in Music
Irony often results from the juxtaposition of music & image because the associations we bring when we hear a piece of music, greatly affects our interpretation of a scene.
Dario Marianelli
- Atonement
- Jane Eyre
Rachel Portman
- Emma
- European classical music
- Drama film but could also be a romance
Silence
frustrates our normal perceptions. can make a scene seem profound or even prophetic.
Audience Awareness
can define sections of the screen, guide our attention to or between them, and influence our interpretation.
Audience Expectations
sound signals an action and when used repeatedly, it plays on our expectations
Emphasis
creates emphasis in any scene. can function as a punctuation mark when it accentuates and strengthens the visual image.
Citizen Kane
deep-focus sound; frantic & loud.fulfills our expectations of how a party like this might sound like. diegetic; external on-screen. was recorded during both production and postproduction.