dental x-ray film processing

The first step in manual film processing is:

Development

In manual film processing, the rinsing step is necessary because:

rinsing removes the developer from the film and stops the development process

The film emulsion is hardened during:

Fixation

The hydroquinone in the developer brings out the _________ tones, whereas the Elon in the developer brings out the _________ tones on a dental radiograph.

Black; Gray

In manual film processing, the optimal temperature for the developer solution is

68 degrees

The size of a darkroom is determined by all the following factors except:

humidity level of the room

Any leaks of white light into the darkroom will cause:

film fogging

The safelight must be placed a minimum of what distance from the film and the work area?

4 feet

The GBX-2 safelight filter by Kodak is recommended for:

intraoral and extraoral films

Unopened boxes of radiographic film should not be stored in the darkroom because:

chemical fumes from processing solutions may fog the film

The thermometer for manual processing should be placed in the:

Developer solution

At 68� F, what is the optimal development time for manual film processing?

5 minutes

All the following factors affect the life of the processing solutions except:

type of safelight filter used

A replenisher is added to the processing solution to:

a. compensate for the loss of solution strength
b. ensure uniform results between solution changes
c. compensate for the loss of volume of solution
d. compensate for oxidation

How often should the processing tank be cleaned?

Whenever solutions are changed

Which of the following can be used to clean the processing tank?

Commercial tank cleanser and hydrochloric acid and water solution

A breakdown of chemicals in the processing solution that results from exposure to air is termed:

Oxidation

The superconcentrated solution that is added to the processing solution to compensate for the effects of oxidation is termed the:

Replenisher

Processor housing

Encases component parts of automatic processor

Film/feed slot

Opening used to insert films

Roller film transporter

Moves the film through the automatic processor

Film recovery slot

Opening where processed films emerge

Drying chamber

Heated air is used to dry wet films

Water compartment

Holds circulating water

Fixer compartment

Holds fixer solution

Developer compartment

Holds developer solution

Replenisher solutions

Solutions used to maintain proper concentration and levels of developer and fix

Replenisher pump

Delivers developer and fixer solution to compartments

Fogged film

Grey

Overdeveloped film

Dark

Underdeveloped film

Light

Film exposed to light

Black

Developer cutoff

White

Fixer cutoff

Black

Film fogging results from improper safelighting

True

Yellow-brown stains result from insufficient development time.

False

Developer cutoff appears as a straight black border across the film.

False

To avoid static electricity, touch a conductive object before unwrapping a film.

True

Torn or defective film packets may allow a portion of the film to be exposed to light.

True