The first step in manual film processing is:
Development
In manual film processing, the rinsing step is necessary because:
rinsing removes the developer from the film and stops the development process
The film emulsion is hardened during:
Fixation
The hydroquinone in the developer brings out the _________ tones, whereas the Elon in the developer brings out the _________ tones on a dental radiograph.
Black; Gray
In manual film processing, the optimal temperature for the developer solution is
68 degrees
The size of a darkroom is determined by all the following factors except:
humidity level of the room
Any leaks of white light into the darkroom will cause:
film fogging
The safelight must be placed a minimum of what distance from the film and the work area?
4 feet
The GBX-2 safelight filter by Kodak is recommended for:
intraoral and extraoral films
Unopened boxes of radiographic film should not be stored in the darkroom because:
chemical fumes from processing solutions may fog the film
The thermometer for manual processing should be placed in the:
Developer solution
At 68� F, what is the optimal development time for manual film processing?
5 minutes
All the following factors affect the life of the processing solutions except:
type of safelight filter used
A replenisher is added to the processing solution to:
a. compensate for the loss of solution strength
b. ensure uniform results between solution changes
c. compensate for the loss of volume of solution
d. compensate for oxidation
How often should the processing tank be cleaned?
Whenever solutions are changed
Which of the following can be used to clean the processing tank?
Commercial tank cleanser and hydrochloric acid and water solution
A breakdown of chemicals in the processing solution that results from exposure to air is termed:
Oxidation
The superconcentrated solution that is added to the processing solution to compensate for the effects of oxidation is termed the:
Replenisher
Processor housing
Encases component parts of automatic processor
Film/feed slot
Opening used to insert films
Roller film transporter
Moves the film through the automatic processor
Film recovery slot
Opening where processed films emerge
Drying chamber
Heated air is used to dry wet films
Water compartment
Holds circulating water
Fixer compartment
Holds fixer solution
Developer compartment
Holds developer solution
Replenisher solutions
Solutions used to maintain proper concentration and levels of developer and fix
Replenisher pump
Delivers developer and fixer solution to compartments
Fogged film
Grey
Overdeveloped film
Dark
Underdeveloped film
Light
Film exposed to light
Black
Developer cutoff
White
Fixer cutoff
Black
Film fogging results from improper safelighting
True
Yellow-brown stains result from insufficient development time.
False
Developer cutoff appears as a straight black border across the film.
False
To avoid static electricity, touch a conductive object before unwrapping a film.
True
Torn or defective film packets may allow a portion of the film to be exposed to light.
True