The endocrine system coordinates body parts by using chemical signals called _____.
A) antibodies
B) hormones
C) pheromones
D) enzymes
B) hormones
Responses initiated by the endocrine system occur more quickly than those initiated by the nervous system.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Endocrine hormones are transported from the glands that produce them to the cells they affect by the blood.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Pain and inflammation promoting substances produced locally so that they affect only neighboring cells are called _____.
A) pheromones
B) neurosecretions
C) prostaglandins
D) all of the above
C) prostaglandins
Hormones can stimulate any cell in the body.
A) True
B) False
B) False
There are _____ basic classes of hormones.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) six
A) Two
The different steroid hormones can be distinguished from each other by the molecular differences in their four carbon rings.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Steroid hormones are _____.
A) lipids
B) carbohydrates
C) nucleic acids
D) proteins
A) Lipids
A second messenger is activated when a _____ hormone binds to its receptor.
A) steroid
B) peptide
B) Peptide
Steroid hormones stimulate protein synthesis in their target cells.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Peptide hormones bind to a receptor _____.
A) in the plasma membrane
B) inside the cytoplasm
C) inside the nucleus
D) both B and C
A) in the plasma membrane
Most peptide hormones cannot pass through cell membranes.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which of the following is a second messenger?
A) calcium.
B) cyclic AMP.
C) ADH.
D) both A and B.
D) both A and B.
Endocrine glands secrete their products into _____.
A) the blood
B) ducts
C) both A and B
A) the blood
The bones are targeted by _____.
A) calcitonin
B) parathyroid hormone
C) growth hormone
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Blood glucose is decreased by _____.
A) insulin
B) cortisol
C) glucagon
D) none of the above
A) insulin
Which of the following is an incorrectly matched endocrine gland and hormone?
A) pancreas - insulin
B) bones - growth hormone
C) ovaries - estrogen
D) thymus - thymosines
B) bones - growth hormone
Which of the following is a correctly matched hormone and target tissues/organ?
A) hypothalamic releasing hormones - anterior pituitary gland
B) prolactin - uterus
C) antidiuretic hormone - bladder
D) all of the above
A) hypothalamic releasing hormones - anterior pituitary gland
Which of the following activates the DNA of its target cells?
A) estrogen
B) insulin
C) follicle stimulating hormone
D) calcitonin
A) estrogen
A second messenger would be activated by _____.
A) glucagon
B) aldosterone
C) progesterone
D) testosterone
A) glucagon
Prolactin binds to a receptor in the plasma membrane of mammary gland cells and activates a second messenger.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Prolactin has the same function in female humans and pigeons.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Which of the following aspects of homeostasis is influenced by the endocrine system?
A) blood glucose
B) blood pressure
C) blood calcium
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Which of the following endocrine glands in located in the brain?
A) thyroid
B) pituitary gland
C) adrenal glands
D) all of the above
B) pituitary gland
Which of the following is a pair of antagonistic hormones?
A) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
B) glucagon and insulin
C) both A and B
C) both A and B
The effect of hormones can be controlled by _____.
A) negative feedback
B) antagonistic hormones
C) both A and B
C) both A and B
The secretions of the pituitary gland are controlled by the cerebrum.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are produced by the hypothalamus.
A) True
B) False
A) True
ADH inhibits the reabsorption of H2O from the collecting duct of the nephron.
A) True
B) False
B) False
The release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland is controlled by _____.
A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) antagonistic hormones
B) positive feedback
Positive feedback maintains stable conditions and homeostasis.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones affects another endocrine gland?
A) thyroid stimulating hormone
B) luteinizing hormone
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
The inability to produce antidiuretic hormone causes diabetes insipidus.
A) True
B) False
A) True
FSH and LH are gonadotrophic hormones.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Growth hormone promotes _____.
A) cell division
B) protein synthesis
C) bone growth
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
The secretion of __________ is under the control of the anterior pituitary hormone ACTH.
A) cortisol
B) aldosterone
C) both A and B
A) cortisol
The concentration of melanocyte-stimulating hormone is very low in humans.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Hormones from the hypothalamus _____.
A) stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones
B) inhibit the release of anterior pituitary hormones
C) both A and B
C) both A and B
Oxytocin causes the mammary glands in the breasts to develop and produce milk.
A) True
B) False
B) False
When thyroxine from the thyroid gland increases _____.
A) thyroid releasing hormone increases
B) thyroid stimulation hormone decreases
C) both A and B
B) thyroid stimulation hormone decreases
The production of too little growth hormone during childhood results in _____.
A) giantism
B) pituitary dwarfism
C) acromegaly
B) pituitary dwarfism
Overproduction of growth hormone in an adult results in _____.
A) giantism
B) pituitary dwarfism
C) acromegaly
C) acromegaly
Growth hormone is produced in greatest quantities during childhood and adolescence.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Levels of TSH are _____ when an individual has hypothyroidism.
A) high
B) low
A) High
The _____ is located in the throat.
A) parathyroid gland
B) trachea
C) thyroid gland
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Goiters are the result of _____.
A) continued anterior pituitary stimulate of the thyroid gland
B) the absence of negative feedback on TRH and TSH
C) both A and B
C) both A and B
A symptom of hypothyroidism is _____.
A) lowered body temperature
B) exophthalamic goiter
C) hyperactivity
D) all of the above
A) lowered body temperature
A diet deficient in _____ results in a simple goiter.
A) iron
B) vitamin D
C) potassium
D) iodine
D) iodine
When blood calcium falls below an acceptable level, _____ will be released.
A) insulin
B) aldosterone
C) parathyroid hormone
D) antidiuretic hormone
C) parathyroid hormone
Which of the following is stimulated by parathyroid hormone?
A) increased activity of the osteoclasts.
B) increased reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys
C) increased absorption of calcium from the intestine
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
A dramatic decrease in blood calcium results in tetany.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Epinephrine is secreted under conditions of stress.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex can result in _____.
A) diabetes mellitus
B) Addison disease
C) acromegaly
D) goiter
B) Addison disease
In type II diabetes mellitus _____.
A) the pancreas does not produce insulin
B) liver and muscle cells do not respond to insulin
C) both A and B
B) liver and muscle cells do not respond to insulin
In females, the adrenal glands produce male and female sex hormones.
A) True
B) False
A) True
The _____ sit atop the kidneys.
A) adrenal glands
B) parathyroids
C) gonads
A) adrenal glands
Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids are produced by the _____.
A) adrenal cortex
B) adrenal medulla
A) adrenal cortex
Blood pressure is regulated by the _____ produced by the adrenal cortex.
A) epinephrine
B) aldosterone
C) cortisol
D) antidiuretic hormone
B) aldosterone
Hormones produce by the _____ provide a rapid, but short-lived emergency response.
A) adrenal medulla
B) adrenal cortex
A) adrenal medulla
When blood pressure is high, _____ will be produced.
A) renin
B) antidiuretic hormone
C) aldosterone
D) atrial natriuretic hormone
D) atrial natriuretic hormone
Aldosterone is antagonized by _____.
A) atrial natriuretic hormone
B) cortisol
C) epinephrine
D) antidiuretic hormone
A) atrial natriuretic hormone
The pain and swelling associated with the inflammatory reaction can be relieved by _____.
A) aldosterone
B) cortisol
C) epinephrine
D) renin
B) cortisol
Excess cortisol results in a tendency toward diabetes mellitus and hypertension with _____ of adrenal cortex hormones.
A) hypersecretion
B) hyposecretion
A) hypersecretion
The pancreatic islets produce and secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Insulin is secreted when blood glucose is _____.
A) low
B) high
B) high
Which of the following is a target tissue/organ of insulin?
A) liver.
B) muscle
C) adipose
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Between meals when glucose is low, _____ is released.
A) glucagon
B) parathyroid hormone
C) insulin
D) prolactin
A) glucagon
Hypoglycemia _____.
A) can be caused by an overdose of insulin
B) can be treated with a sugar cube or fruit juice
C) is associated with perspiration, pale skin and shallow breathing
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Type I diabetes mellitus can be treated by _____.
A) diet and exercise
B) injections of insulin
C) both A and B
B) injections of insulin
Diabetes mellitus can cause ______.
A) kidney disease
B) circulatory disorders
C) blindness
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
The male gonads are _____.
A) located in the pelvic cavity
B) produce estrogens and progesterone
C) the testes
D) all of the above
C) the testes
Male secondary sex characteristics are associated with the production of _____.
A) testosterone
B) follicle stimulating hormone
C) estrogen
D) oxytocin
A) testosterone
There is little/no risk associated with the use of supplemental anabolic steroids.
A) True
B) False
B) False
The thymus is most active during _____.
A) childhood
B) adulthood
C) both A and B
A) childhood
The thymus gland stimulates maturation of _____.
A) monocytes
B) T lymphocytes
C) osteocytes
D) follicles
B) T lymphocytes
In mammals, norepinephrine is ______.
A) a neurotransmitter used in the sympathetic nervous system
B) a hormone released by adrenal medulla.
C) both A and B
C) both A and B
Children with a brain tumor that destroys the pineal gland experience early puberty.
A) True
B) False
A) True