Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Metabolic Pathway
A specific molecule is modified in a series of steps, resulting in a product. Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme.
Metabolism
An elaborate roadmap made up of metabolic pathways
Metabolism
Manages the material and energy resources of a cell.
Catabolic Pathway
Metabolic pathways that break molecules down to release energy; breakdown pathways
Respiration
A major catabolic pathway in which sugar glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in the presence of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water
Anabolic Pathway
Metabolic pathways that consume energy to form a complicated molecule from simpler molecules
Bioenergetics
The study of how energy flows through living organisms
Energy
The capacity to cause change
Energy
The ability to rearrange a collection of matter
Kinetic Energy
The relative motion of objects
Thermal Energy
The kinetic energy associated with the random movelent of atoms or molecules
Heat
Thermal energy in transfer from one object to another
Potential Energy
Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
Molecular Energy
Energy stored via the arrangement of electrons and their bonds with other atoms in a molecule
Chemical Energy
potential energy stored in chemical bonds
Thermodynamics
The study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
System
Word used to denote the matter under study
Surroundings
Everything outside of the system
Isolated System
A system that can exchange neither energy nor matter with its surroundings.
Open System
A system in which matter and energy can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy can be transferred or transformed, but not created or destroyed
First Law of Thermodynamics
AKA Principle of Conservation of Energy
Entropy
A measure of disorder or randomness
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
Spontaneous Process
A process that occurs without the input of energy
Second Law of Thermodynamics
For a process to occur spontaneously, it must increase the entropy of the universe
Gibbs Free Energy
Only processes that have this as a negative number can happen with no input of energy. Synonym for free energy.
Free Energy
The portion of a system that can perform work when the temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system
Free Energy Formula
?G = Final State - Initial State
Exergonic Reaction
proceeds with a net release of free energy
Endergonic Reaction
proceeds with a net increase of free energy
Dead
A cell that has reached metabolic equilibrium is ____.