The fundamental unit of life is the
cell
The major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are
Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
Which of the following functional groups can be ionized?
Methyl and Amino
In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes are
smaller
Which of the following are not true of Archaebacteria?
NOT thrive in � poor
Which organelle has only a single membrane around it?
Peroxisome
This organelle is important for the detoxification of alcohol in the liver.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
This organelle is involved in protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cellular membranes are
fluid
Which of the following is/are true of Robert Remak?
He was one of the first to postulate that all cells arise by division of pre-existing cells.
Which of the following is NOT soluble in water?
Lipids
Which kingdom of organisms is most noted for its ability to carry out photosynthesis?
Plantae
Which of the following biological polymers is mismatched with its monomer?
Cellulose - amino acid
Which of the following Is not a tenet of the cell theory?
All cells have a membrane bound nucleus
Which of the following is responsible for encoding the proteins found in a cell?
Genome
This organelle has a double membrane system.
Nucleus
Cells are small in part because...
As they get larger it becomes more difficult to keep the concentration of reactants relatively high and the surface area is unable to meet the demands of the increased volume
When the size of a cell increases, the surface are/volume ratio...
Decreases
Rough ER is called rough because...
It is covered with ribosomes
Some prokaryotes have...
-internal organelles
-can have a cytoskeleton
An amino acid is a protein as a ______________ is to a nucleic acid
Nucleotide
This is the minimal unit capable of carrying the property of life.
Cell
Which of the following organisms is likely to contain biomembranes?
All living organisms contain biomembranes
A monomer is to a polymer as glucose is to...
Carbohydrates
A primary objective of cell fractionation (including differential centrifugation) is to______.
Separate the major organelles
The nucleus contains
DNA
Proteins
Chromatin
They regulate the hydrostatic pressure of many plant cells.
Vacuoles
Disulfide bonds are often found to stabilize which of the following levels of protein structure?
Primary
Ribosomes...
NOT Made of protein and RNA,NOT SYNTHESIZE ALL THE PROTEINS IN CELLS, NOT A SINGLE POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN
All forms of life on Earth possess these structures at some point in their lives.
...
Which of the following is true of a chemical reaction?
It changes a substance from one form to another
Which of the following statement concerning chloroplasts is false?
NOT They are one of the larger organelles.
NOT carry out photosynthesis
Which of the following chemical bonds is the strongest?not
Covalent
The simplest structure shared among all living organisms is the
cell
Which of the following does NOT pass through nuclear pores?
NOT POLYPEPTIDES,NOT PROTEINS
A cell with an extensive area of smooth ER is specialized too....
Synthesize large quantities of lipids
Cells are...
characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
The term amphipathic describes the characteristic of some molecules that have....
Both a polar and a nonpolar region
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of
Lipids
Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
Near universality of the genetic code
The molarity of a solution is...
measure of solute concentration
What is true based on what we know today?
Some prokaryotes can have cytoskeletal elements and internal, membrane-bound organelles
A monomer is to a polymer as glucose is to
Carbohydrates
Cellulose belongs to which of the following groups of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
Phylogentically, cells are divided into three broad domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaria
One gram of hydrogen, which has an atomic mass of 1, would have fewer atoms than 1 gram of carbon that has an atomic mass of 12
False
Which of the following is NOT a molecule?
H
Which of the following processes includes all others?
a. Diffusion of a solute across a membrane
b. osmosis
c. passive transport
d. facilitated diffusion
e. transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient
Passive transport
In the equation describing ticks law the variable, "A" represents the...
Cross sectional area through which the solute is diffusing
The movement of sucrose and H+ into the cell by a common membrane protein reflects transport through a...
Symporter
Which of the following is NOT true of facilitated passive diffusion?
...
Which of the following crosses lipid bilayers the slowest?
A sodium ion
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?
It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of a molecule
Gramicidin is an antibiotic that increases the permeability of bacterial cell walls to inorganic ions. What is the most likely mode of action of gramicidin?
It forms a channel in the membrane
The gonads produce steroids. Which organelle would likely be present in this tissue?
Smooth ER i think
Why study cells?
-All of the answers in this list is a reason to study cells
Fuel as gasoline are non polar and high in energy because they are largely composed of
Hydrocarbons
Which of the following structures is involved in ribosome synthesis?
Nucleolus
These are the only branched chain biopolymers.
Carbohydrates
The methanobacteria, halo bacteria, and sulfobacteria are included in which domain?
Archaea
Which of the following is not found in prokaryotes?
not all of the above
Camillo...
Golgi
Which of the following fundamental properties of life do viruses NOT possess?
Ability to reproduce
Which of the following are NOT true of archaebacteria?
not they are primitive
Which of the following is true for a reaction that has a delta G less than 0?
The reaction will yield energy and is spontaneous
Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?
Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization
Which of the following is true for all exothermic reactions?
The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy
Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the _____
Entropy of the universe
All of the chemical reactions used to break down nutrients and build up components within the body are collectively known as
metabolism
Catabolic pathways
Supply energy, primarily in the form ATP, for the cells work
Which of the following statements is representative of the second law of thermodynamics?
Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization
Which term precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
Catabolism
A system at chemical equilibrium....
Can do no work
All of the chemical reactions used to break down nutrients and build up components within the body are collectively known as...
Metabolism
Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?
The energy cannot be created or destroyed
Which of the following is NOT true of ATP?
ATP is found only in the mitochondria
Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?
A molecule of glucose
Catabolism is to anabolism as ___ is to ___
Exothermic is to endothermic
The movement of organelles within the cell is the function of ____
The cytoskeleton
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?
Myelin
Which component/s of the cytoskeleton are polar?
Actin and microtubules
The movement of organelles within the cell is the function of _____.
The cytoskeleton
Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism?
It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
Which enzyme is designated EC 1.1.1.1?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Glycogen is to animal cells as ________ is to plant cells.
Starch
If a specimen contains 30% adenine in its DNA, how much cytosine will it contain?
20%
An exergonic reaction...
Has a negative DELTAG and proceeds spontaneously
For the generalized equation Ae- +B ?A + Be-, where e represents an electron. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Both molecule A is oxidized and molecule B is reduced
A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely ______.
Primarily producing proteins in the cytosol
Which of the following is not found in eukaryotes?
Nucleiod