Criminal Investigation Chapter 1 (quiz)

Authority of law enforcement officers is limited by?

-constitution
-court decisions
-federal/state laws
-department policies
-jurisdiction: general jurisdiction of police officers is limited to the area governed by their employer

Bow street runners

-first modern detective force
-Henry Fielding established a small group of volunteer home owners to "take thieves

Robert Peel

-First police reformer
-contributed to the subsequent development of police organizations and criminal investigation in the U.S.
-metropolitan police act of 1829
-constables were known as bobbies

Forensic Science

-the understanding and incorporation of several disciplines to study physical evidence related to crime (geology, physics, chem, bio, math)

Pinkerton's National Detective Agency

-major private detective agency formed by Allen Pinkerton
-formed in chicago

Rogues' gallery

-NY city police department set up photographs of known offenders arranged by criminal specialty and height.

Three major scientific systems for personal identification for criminals.

-Anthropometry: rather short lived
-Dactylography: fingerprint identification
-Deoxyribonucelid acid DNA: contemporary development

Anthropometry

-developed by Alphonse Bertillon:father of criminal identification
-based on the fact that every human being differs from every other one in the exact measurements of their body

Dactylography

-the study of fingerprints
-Herschel claimed credit for the discovery before Faulds

The West case

-will west and william west.
-Incident accelerated the recognition that fingerprints were superior to antrhopometry as a system of identification

DNA typing

-dna as a blueprint
-deoxyribonucleic acid
-determines everything from hair color to susceptibility to diseases
-with the exception of identical twins, every person has distinctive DNA

The Enderby cases

-first use of DNA typing in a criminal case was in England

Palo verde seedpod case

-investigators found 2 seedpods from a palo verde tree in the bed of the suspects truck
-A U of A plant geneticist was asked to determine if the seedpods came from a palo verde tree at the scene.
-the geneticist was able to exactly match the seedpods from