What is crime?
An act that violates criminal law and is punishable by criminal sanctions.
What is the Consensus Model?
A criminal justice model in which the majority of society share the
same values and beliefs.
What are Morals?
Principles of right and wrong behavior, practiced by individuals and society.
What is Conflict model?
A criminal justice model in which the content of the criminal law is
determined by groups that hold political power in a community.
What is Deviance?
Behavior that is considered to go against the norms of society.
What is the Criminal justice system?
The network of law enforcement agencies, courts, and corrections
institutions designed to enforce criminal laws and protect society.
What is Justice?
The quality of fairness that must exist in the process designed to
determine whether a individual is guilty of criminal wrong doing.
What is Federalism?
A form of government in which a written constitution provides a
division of powers between a central government and regional governments.
What is the Formal criminal justice process?
The model of the criminal justice process in which participants
follow formal rules to create a smooth functioning disposition of
cases from arrests to punishment.
What is Discretion?
The ability for individuals in the criminal justice system to make
decisions based on personal judgment instead of the formal rules or
offices information.
What is the Informal criminal justice process?
A model of the criminal justice system that recognizes the informal
authority exercised by individuals at each step of the criminal
justice process.
What is Ethics?
A system of moral principles that governs a persons view of right and wrong.
What is the Crime control model?
A criminal justice model that places primary emphasis on the right of
society to be protected from crime and violent crimes.
What is the Due proces model?
A criminal justice model that places primacy on the right of the
individual to be protected from the power of the government.
What is Biometrics?
Methods to identify a person based on their unique physical
characteristics. Examples are finger prints and facial configuration.
What is a Gang?
A group of people who share common identity and engage in illegal activities.
What is Gun control?
Efforts made by the government to control the sale of guns
What is a Psychoactive drug?
Chemicals that affect the brain, causing changes in behavior,
emotions, and perceptions.
What is the Homeland Security?
A concentrated nation effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the
United States and reduce the country's vulnerability.
What is Terrorism?
The use or threat to achieve political objectives.
What is Civil liberties?
The basic rights and freedoms of American citizens as guaranteed by
the U.S. Constitution. (Bill Of Rights)
What is Domestic Terrorism?
Acts of terrorism that take place is U.S. Soil.
What is a Victim?
Any person who suffers psychical, emotional, or financial harm as the
result of a criminal act.
What is Recidivism?
Commission of a new crime by a person who has already been convicted
of a previous crime and sent to jail or prison.
What is Capital Cime?
A criminal act that makes the offender eligible to receive the death penalty.
What is Murder?
The unlawful killing of one human being by another.
What is Sexual Assault?
Forced sexual intercourse or other sexual acts.
What is Assault?
A threat or an attempt to do violence to another person that causes
that person to fear physical harm.
What is Battery?
The act of physically contacting another person with the intent to do harm.
What is Robbery?
The act of taking property from another person through force.
What is Larceny?
The act of taking property from another person without the use of force.
What is Burglary?
The act of breaking into or entering a structure without permission
for the purpose of committing a felony.
What is Public order crime?
Behavior that has been labeled criminal because it is contrary to
shared social values, customs, and norms.
What is White-collar crime?
Nonviolent crimes committed by business entities or individuals to
gain personal or business advantages.
What is Organized crime?
Illegal acts carried out by illegal organizations engaged in the
market for illegal goods or services.
What is the UCR?
Uniform crime report, An annual report complied by the FBI to give an
indication of criminal activity in the United States.
What is a Part 1 offense?
Crimes reported annually by the FBI, include murder, rape, robbery,
aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft.
What is a Part 2 offense?
All crimes recorded by the FBI that do not fall into Part 1, these
include misdemeanors and felonies.
What is a Victim survey?
A method of gathering crime data that directly surveys participants
to determine their experiences as victims of crimes.
What is the Dark figure of crime?
A term used to describe the actual amount of crime that takes place.
The figure is dark or impossible to detect, because a great number of
crimes are never reported to the police.
What is a Self-reported survey?
A method of gathering crime data from offenders that relies on
participants to reveal and detail their own criminal behavior.
What is Criminology?
The scientific study of crime and the causes of criminal behavior.
What is Correlation?
The relationship between two measurements or behaviors that tend to
move together in the same direction.
What is Causation?
The relationship in which a change in one measurement or behavior
creates a recognizable change in another measurement or behavior.
What is a Theory?
An explanation of a happening or circumstance that is based on
observation, experimentation and reasoning.
What is a Hypothesis?
A possible explanation for an observed occurrence that can be tested
by further investigation.
What is Rational choice theory?
A school of criminology that holds that wrongdoers weigh the possible
benefits of criminal or delinquent activity against the expected costs
of being apprehended. RISK VS REWARD
What is Biology?
The science of living organisms, including their structure, function,
growth, and origin.
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of metal processes and behavior.
What is Genetics?
The study of how certain traits or qualities are transmitted from
parents to their offspring.
What is a Hormone?
A chemical substance, produced in tissue and conveyed in the
bloodstream, that controls certain cellular and body functions such as
growth and reproduction.
What is Testosterone?
The hormone primarily responsible for the production of sperm and the
development of male secondary sex characteristics, such as the growth
of facial and pubic hair, and the change of the voice.
What is Sociology?
The study of the development and functioning of groups of people who
live together within a society.
What is Social disorganization theory?
The theory that deviant behavior is more likely in communities where
social institutions such as family, schools and the criminal justice
system fail to exert control over the population.
What is Strain theory?
The theory that crime is the result of frustration and anger felt by
individuals who cannot reach their financial and personal goals
through legitimate means.
What is Social conflict theories?
A school criminology that views criminal behavior as a result of
class conflict.
What is Social process theories?
A school of criminology that considers criminal behavior to be the
predictable result of a persons interaction with his or her environment.
What is Learning theory?
The theory that delinquents and criminals must be taught both the
practical and the emotional skills necessary to participate in illegal activities.
What is Control theory?
A theory that assumes that all individuals have the potential for
criminal behavior but are restrained by the damage it would cause to
their relationships with friends and family.
What is Life course criminology?
The study of crime based on the belief that behavioral patterns
developed in childhood can predict delinquent and criminal behavior
later in life.
What is Victimology?
A school of criminology that studies why certain people are the
victims of crimes and the optimal role for victims in the criminal
justice system.
What is Repeat victimization?
The theory that certain people and places are more likely to be
subject to repeated criminal activity and that victimization is a
strong indicator of future victimization.
What is Domestic violence?
Maltreatment, including physical violence and psychological abuse,
that occurs within a familial or other intimidate relationships.
What is Stalking?
The criminal act of causing fear in a person by repeatedly subjecting
that person to unwanted or threatening attention.
What is Drug abuse?
The use of drugs that result in physical or psychological problems
for the user, as well as disruption of personal relationships and employment.
What are Prescription drugs?
Medical drugs that require a physicians permission for purchase.