Maturation is to education as _____ is to _____
a. accommodation; assimilation
b. nature; nurture
c. imprinting; critical period
d. environment; learning
b. nature; nurture
From ages 3 to 6, the brain's neural networks are sprouting most rapidly in the
a. frontal lobes
b. hypothalamus
c. cerebellum
d. brainstem
a. frontal lobes
Mr. and Mrs. Batson can't wait to begin toilet training their year-old daughter. The Batsons most clearly need to be informed about the importance of
a. imprinting
b. habituation
c. maturation
d. object permeance
c. maturation
Four-year-old Karen can't remember anything of the first few months of her life. This is best explained by the fact that
a. the trauma of birth interferes with the early formation of memories
b. most brain cells do not yet exist at the time of birth
c. ex
d. the hippocampus and frontal lobes are immature during early infancy
According to Piaget, schemas are
a. fixed sequences of cognitive developmental stages
b. children's ways of coming to terms with their sexuality
c. people's conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences
d. problem-solving strategies that are t
c. people's conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences
Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called
a. egocentrism
b. assimilation
c. imprinting
d. accommodation
b. assimilation
Nageeb thought all nurses were young females until a middle-aged male nurse took care of him. Nageeb's altered conception of a "nurse" illustrates the process of
a. habituation
b. assimilation
c. accommodation
d. attachment
c. accommodation
Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
a. pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor
b. sensorimotor, pre operational, formal operational, concrete operational
c. senso
c. sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational
When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly near the beginning of Piaget's ______ stage
a. sensorimotor
b. formal operational
c. concrete operation
a. sensorimotor
Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of
a. Accommodation
b. object permeance
c. conservation
d. egocentrism
d. egocentrism
According to Piaget, a child can represent things with words and images but cannot reason with logic during the _____ stage
a. concrete operational
b. sensorimotor
c. formal operational
d. pre operational
d. pre operational
If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to
a. deal with the discipline of toilet training
b. see things from the point of view of another person
c. recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes
c. recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape
Preschoolers' acquisition of a theory of mind suggests that Piaget overestimated young children's
a. egocentrism
b. habituation
c. stranger anxiety
d. sense of object permeance
a. egocentrism
Five-year-old who were surprised to discover that a band-aids box contained pencils were able to anticipate their friend's false belief about the contents of the box. This best illustrates that the children had developed a
a. secure attachment
b. sense of
c. theory of mind
An impaired theory of mind is most closely associated with
a. infantile amnesia
b. concrete operational thought
c. role confusion
d. autism
d. autism
One variation of autism spectrum disorder is characterized by normal intelligence, often accompanied by exceptional skill in a particular area, but deficient social and communication skills. This disorder is called
a. fetal alcohol syndrome
b. terminal de
d. Asperger syndrome
According to Piaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape during the _____ stage
a. sensorimotor
b. pre operational
c. concrete operational
d. formal operational
c. concrete operational
According to Piaget, during the formal operational stage people begin to
a. reason abstractly
b. adhere to social norms
c. distinguish between helpful and harmful behaviors
d. experience object permeance
a. reason abstractly
The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky suggested that children's ability to solve problems is enhanced by
a. basic trust
b. inner speech
c. conservation
d. imprinting
b. inner speech
Piaget emphasized how the child's mind grows through interaction with the physical environment. Vygotsky emphasized how the child's mind grows through
a. imprinting
b. a pruning process
c. social mentoring
d. a secure attachment
c. social mentoring
At about 8 months, children become increasingly likely to react to newcomers with tears and distress. This best illustrates
a. role confusion
b. insecure attachment
c. egocentrism
d. stranger anxiety
d. stranger anxiety
Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to
a. habituation
b. stranger anxiety
c. object permeance
d. secure attachment
d. secure attachment
A critical period is a phase during which
a. children frequently disobey and resist their parents
b. children become able to think hypothetically and reason abstractly
c. parents frequently show impatience with a child's slowness in becoming toilet traine
d. exposure to certain experiences is needed for proper development
To assess attachment differences among infants, Mary Ainsworth placed them in a laboratory setting called a
a. formal operation stage
b. rite of passage
c. strange situation
d. schema
c. strange situation
In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, infants with a secure maternal attachment are most likely to
a. act as though their mothers are of little importance to them
b. use their mothers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings
c. cling to their
b. use their mothers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings
Aaron cried when his mother left him in the infant nursery at church, and he was not reassures or comforted by her return a short while later. Aaron showed signs of
a. egocentrism
b. habituation
c. conservation
d. insecure attachment
d. insecure attachment
Evidence that easy, relaxed infants develop secure attachments more readily than difficult, emotionally intense babies would illustrate the importance of
a. egocentrism
b. temperament
c. conservation
d. object permeance
b. temperament
Nature is to nurture as _____ is to ____
a. secure attachment; imprinting
b. heredity; maturation
c. accommodation; assimilation
d. temperament; responsive parenting
d. temperament; responsive parenting
When placed in strange situations without their artificial mothers, the Harlows' infant monkeys demonstrated signs of
a. insecure attachment
b. egocentrism
c. basic trust
d. curiosity
a. insecure attachment
Marlys is a sensitive, responsive parent who consistently satisfies the needs of Sara, her infant daughter. According to Erikson, Sara is likely to
a. form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world
b. encounter some difficulty in overcoming the
a. form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world
In a British study following over 7000 peopled from birth to adulthood, those individuals who fathers were not involved in parenting tended to demonstrate greater
a. role confusion
b. separation anxiety
c. egocentrism
d. academic achievement
d. academic achievement
Romanian children raised in orphanages with untrained and overworked staff were found to have ___ than found in children assigned to quality foster care settings
a. less egocentrism
b. lower intelligence scores
c. more secure attachments
d. greater infant
b. lower intelligence scores
Most children who experience parental neglect or abuse manage to have socially meaningful and productive lives. This best illustrates
a. infantile amnesia
b. object permeance
c. conservation
d. resilience
a. infantile amnesia
An ongoing study of 1100 children in 10 American cities has found that those who had spent the most time in day-care facilities had
a. slightly advanced thinking and language skills and an increased rate of aggressiveness
b. slightly inferior thinking and
a. slightly advanced thinking and language skills and an increased rate of aggressiveness
Mrs. Carmichael secretly dabs some lipstick on the nose of her 2-year-old son and then allows him to see his face in a mirror. This child is most likely to
a. touch his own nose
b. touch the mirror at the point where the lipstick shows
c. wave at his mirr
a. touch his own nose
Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be
a. authoritarian
b. conservation
c. permissive
d. authoritative
d. authoritative
The McDougals use harsh discipline on their children and demand questioning obedience. Psychologists are likely to characterize the McDougals as ______ parents
a. authoritarian
b. egocentric
c. permissive
d. authoritative
a. authoritarian
Authoritative parents are likely to have children who
a. are obedient but have low self-esteem
b. have high self-esteem and are self-reliant
c. have high self-esteem but are somewhat dependent
d. are rebellious and have low self-esteem
b. have high self-esteem and are self-reliant