Avhievement test
Measure tof madtry or proficiency in reading, writing, math, science and some other subjects
Flynn effect
Rise in avg IQ score that has occurred over the decades in many nations
Multiple intelligences
Howard Gardner
Linguistic
Logical- mathematical
Musical
Spatial
Bodily-kinesthrtic (movement)
Interpersonal - understand others
Interpersonal- understand self
* naturalistic- nature, biology, zoology
* spiritual/existential
*were added later
Each one of t
Multifinality
Basic principle of developmental psychopathology which holds that one cause can have many final manifestation
Equifinality
Basic principle of developmental psychopathology that holds that one symptom can have many causes
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD
Condition on which a person not only has difficulty concentrating but also is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive
ADHD incidence worries
Misdiagnosis
Drug abuse
Normal behavior considered pathological
Specific learning disorder
Marked by deficit in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability or by unusually stressful home environment
Dyslexia
Unusual difficulty with reading
Dyscalculia
Unusual difficulty with math
Autism spectrum disorder
ASD. Any of several conditions characterized by inadequate social skills, impaired communication, and unusual play.
Neurodiversity
The idea that people with special needs have diverse brain structures, with each person having neurological strengths and weaknesses that should be appreciated in much the same way diverse cultures and ethnicities are welcomed
Response to intervention
RTI
Educational
middle childhood
6-11
embodied cognition
idea that human thoughts are affected by body health, comfort, position, and so on.
exercise advances....
physical, emotional, and mental health
childhood overweight
BMI above 85th percentile
childhood obesity
BMI above 95th percentile
asthma
chronic respiratory disease. inflammation narrows the airways from the nose and mouth to the lungs causing difficulty breathing
concrete operational thought
ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions
classification
logical principles that things can be organized intro groups or categories. according to some characteristic they have in common
seriatoin
concept that things can be arranged in logical series such as the number series or the alaphabet
selective attention
ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others
information processing perspective
like computers people can access large amounts of info.
- select relevant units of info
- analyze and connect
- express conclusion
sensory memory
sensory register
incoming stimulus info is stored for a split second to allow it to be processed
working memory
short term memory...
CURRENT conscious mental activity occurs
long term memory
virtually limitless amount of info can be stored indefinitely
knowledge base
body of knowledge that makes it easier to leran new info in particular area
control processes
mechanism that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis and flow of information
includes: selective attention, metacognition, emotional regulation
executive processes
metacognition
thinking about thinking
ability to evaluate a cognitive task in order to determine how best to accomplish it and then to monitor and adjust one's performance on that task
reaction time
time it takes to respond to a stimulus
automatization
process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes sequence routine so no longer requires conscious thought
English language learners
ELL children in the US whose proficiency in english is low
immersion
instruction in all school subjects occurs in the second (usually the majority) language that child is learning
bilingual education
school subjects are taught in both the learner's originial language and the second (majority) language
English as a second language
ESL teaching english to all children who do not speak it
hidden curiculum
unofficial, unstated, or implicit rules and priorities that influence the curriculum, organiztion, and setting in school.
trends in math and science study
TIMSS
international assessment of math and science skills of fourth and eighth graders
progress in international reading literacy study
PIRLS
planned 5 year cycle of international trend studies in the reading ability
national assessment of educational progress
NAEP
ongoing and nationally representative measure of the US children's achievement in reading, math, and other subjects
nation's report card
charter schools
public schools with their own set of standards funded and licensed by the state or local district in which they are located
private schools
schools funded by parents an dsponsoring institutions. have control over admissions and hiring and specifics of curriculum.
vouchers
monetary commitment by govt to pay for the edu of child
home schooling
children taught at home usually by parents
developmental psychopathology
insights into typical development to understand and remediate developmental disorders
developmental psychopathology general principles
abnormality is normal
disability changes year by year
life may get better or worse
diagnosis and treatment reflect the social context
aptitude
potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge