Supports pts weight, joint stress is lessened, and water based exercise is less painful
In what three ways does buoyancy help patients when participating in hydrotherapy?
Archimedes principle
An immersed body will experience an upward thrust equal to the weight of the liquid.
Weightlessness
Buoyant forces support the body, giving the sensation of ________.
Body density, postural alignment, and lung vital capacity
List the three things buoyancy is affected by.
COG
To remain upright and stable, center of buoyancy should be vertically aligned with the ________.
Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure exerted by water on an object immersed in the water.
Helps control soft tissue/joint edema, assists in venous return, HR reduction, and centralization of blood flow
In what four ways does hydrostatic pressure help patients participating in hydrotherapy.
Pascal's Law
The pressure of a liquid is exerted equally on an object at a given depth and the object will experience pressure proportional to the depth of immersion.
Closer to surface
Exercises are easier to perform in what area of the water due to hydrostatic pressure?
Below
The amount of weightlessness depends on the percentage of the body ________ the surface of the water.
50
Waist deep water is ________% weight bearing.
25
Chest deep water is ________% weight bearing.
10
Shoulder deep water is ________% weight bearing.
Specific gravity
The weight of a particular surface compared with the weight of an equal volume of water; related to density.
Increased bone mass/muscle mass, increased body fat
Specific gravity increases with increased ________ and decreases with increased ________.
Specific gravity
What makes us float just below the surface of the water.
Viscosity
A measure of frictional resistance caused by cohesive of attractive forces between the molecules of a liquid.
Resistance
Created by viscosity and is proportional to velocity of movement through the liquid.
More, less
Resistance can be adjusted in various ways; upward movements have ________ resistance and downward movements have ________ resistance.
Hydrodynamic pressure
The pressure caused by movement of either the object or the water.
Hydrodynamic pressure
A therapist can counteract this pressure by walking in front of the patient in the water and blocking the pressure.
Hydrodynamic pressure
Because of ________, the faster one walks in water, the more resistance is encountered and the more demands are made on the muscles.
Specific heat
The amount of heat required to raise the temp of one gram of a substance one degree celsius.
Cool
MS patients do better with what temperature water?
Warm
Osteoarthritis patients do better with what temperature water?
Aquatic therapy
Treatment time with therapeutic exercise in the water utilizing supine, prone, vertical, or reclined positions.
Hydrotherapy
Application of water for therapeutic purposes.
Obese
Warm water may increase the body temperature of ________ patients too much.
50 degrees F (cold)
Water temperature for acute inflammation.
67 degrees F (cool)
Water temperature to decrease spasticity.
80 degrees F (tepid)
Water temperature for therapeutic exercise.
92 degrees F (neutral)
Water temperature for circulatory disorders and relaxation.
94 degrees F (warm)
Water temperature for a open wound or debridement.
100 degrees F (hot)
Water temperature for arthritis and ROM.
Cohesion
The tendency of water molecules to adhere to each other.
Adhesion
The tendency of water molecules to adhere to molecules of other substances. For example, water drops cling to a person when they leave the water.
Turbulence
The velocity at a given point varies erratically in magnitude and direction.
Laminar flow, drag, and frontal resistance
Turbulence is a combination of what three things?
Laminar flow
Horizontal forces.
Drag
Like a wake.
Frontal resistance
Head on, forward movement.
Hydromechanics
This affects the patient's movement through water.
Surface tension
Water molecules on the surface tend to hold together thus creating greater resistance on the surface.
Cohesion
Contributes to the resistance encountered while moving through water.
100
High boys are how many gallons?
200
Low boys are how many gallons?
Ends: 6' , 4'
Center: 36
Hubbard tanks are how many feet on each end and how many inches across the center?
Hubbard tank
This whirlpool is used for full body treatment.
Debridement of wounds, cleaning, circulation/hydration for dry wounds, analgesia/relaxation, contrast baths, and pulse lavage
List the six uses of hydrotherapy as treatment.
Contrast bath
Treatment involves placing one or more extremities alternately in very hot and very cold water.
Contrast baths
This treatment is good for acute injuries.
Constrict, dilate
When using a contrast bath, superficial blood vessels ________ while in the cold water and ________ while in the hot water.
Vascular
Contrast baths are considered a ________ exercise.
Contrast baths
This procedure can increase superficial blood flow in the extremities to a remarkable degree and is believed to hasten healing.
30 minutes
How long should a contrast bath treatment last?
Hot then cold
In what order should you alternate contrast baths?
59-68 degrees F
What temperature should the cold water be in a contrast bath?
105-110 degrees F
What temperature should the hot water be in a contrast bath?
3, 1
When using a contrast bath, patients should be immersed in hot water for ________ minute(s) and cold water for ________ minute(s).
Moderate, extreme
It is recommending that when treating with contrast baths, you should begin with _________ temperatures and then progress to ________ temperatures as the patient can tolerate more.
Pulsed lavage
This treatment can be used to remove dirt or foreign contaminants, remove toxic residuals from topical agents, and soften necrotic tissue.
Delicate granulation
What is a contraindication of using pulsed lavage?
4-15
The intensity for pulsed lavage should be ________ PSI.
Pulsed lavage
This could damage healthy tissue if intensity is too high and the technique can traumatize the wound bed if used improperly.
True
True or false: Pulsed lavage is nonselective.
True
True or false: The whirlpool is nonselective.
Bad Ragaz
This regimen of aquatic exercise uses a buoyant ring to assist in floatation placed around trunk, under extremities, or to support head/neck.
Bad Ragaz
This regimen of aquatic exercise is for musculoskeletal, neurological, or arthritic patients and body weight acts as resistance.
Halliwick
This regimen of aquatic exercise is a 10 point program that focuses on balance, controlled movement, and breathing.
Halliwick
This regimen of aquatic exercise works on mental adjustment, sagittal rotation control, transversal rotation control, longitudinal rotational control, combined rotation control, upthrust, balance in stillness, turbulent gliding, simple progression, and ba
Watsu
This regimen of aquatic exercise consists of warm water, stretching, relaxation, massage, joint mobilization, and shiatsu.
Treatment
Whirlpools must be cleaned before and after each ________.
Regular cultures
This is part of infection control for whirlpools.
92-92 degrees F
What is the neutral range of water temperature for whirlpools?
Supports pts weight, joint stress is lessened, and water based exercise is less painful
In what three ways does buoyancy help patients when participating in hydrotherapy?
Archimedes principle
An immersed body will experience an upward thrust equal to the weight of the liquid.
Weightlessness
Buoyant forces support the body, giving the sensation of ________.
Body density, postural alignment, and lung vital capacity
List the three things buoyancy is affected by.
COG
To remain upright and stable, center of buoyancy should be vertically aligned with the ________.
Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure exerted by water on an object immersed in the water.
Helps control soft tissue/joint edema, assists in venous return, HR reduction, and centralization of blood flow
In what four ways does hydrostatic pressure help patients participating in hydrotherapy.
Pascal's Law
The pressure of a liquid is exerted equally on an object at a given depth and the object will experience pressure proportional to the depth of immersion.
Closer to surface
Exercises are easier to perform in what area of the water due to hydrostatic pressure?
Below
The amount of weightlessness depends on the percentage of the body ________ the surface of the water.
50
Waist deep water is ________% weight bearing.
25
Chest deep water is ________% weight bearing.
10
Shoulder deep water is ________% weight bearing.
Specific gravity
The weight of a particular surface compared with the weight of an equal volume of water; related to density.
Increased bone mass/muscle mass, increased body fat
Specific gravity increases with increased ________ and decreases with increased ________.
Specific gravity
What makes us float just below the surface of the water.
Viscosity
A measure of frictional resistance caused by cohesive of attractive forces between the molecules of a liquid.
Resistance
Created by viscosity and is proportional to velocity of movement through the liquid.
More, less
Resistance can be adjusted in various ways; upward movements have ________ resistance and downward movements have ________ resistance.
Hydrodynamic pressure
The pressure caused by movement of either the object or the water.
Hydrodynamic pressure
A therapist can counteract this pressure by walking in front of the patient in the water and blocking the pressure.
Hydrodynamic pressure
Because of ________, the faster one walks in water, the more resistance is encountered and the more demands are made on the muscles.
Specific heat
The amount of heat required to raise the temp of one gram of a substance one degree celsius.
Cool
MS patients do better with what temperature water?
Warm
Osteoarthritis patients do better with what temperature water?
Aquatic therapy
Treatment time with therapeutic exercise in the water utilizing supine, prone, vertical, or reclined positions.
Hydrotherapy
Application of water for therapeutic purposes.
Obese
Warm water may increase the body temperature of ________ patients too much.
50 degrees F (cold)
Water temperature for acute inflammation.
67 degrees F (cool)
Water temperature to decrease spasticity.
80 degrees F (tepid)
Water temperature for therapeutic exercise.
92 degrees F (neutral)
Water temperature for circulatory disorders and relaxation.
94 degrees F (warm)
Water temperature for a open wound or debridement.
100 degrees F (hot)
Water temperature for arthritis and ROM.
Cohesion
The tendency of water molecules to adhere to each other.
Adhesion
The tendency of water molecules to adhere to molecules of other substances. For example, water drops cling to a person when they leave the water.
Turbulence
The velocity at a given point varies erratically in magnitude and direction.
Laminar flow, drag, and frontal resistance
Turbulence is a combination of what three things?
Laminar flow
Horizontal forces.
Drag
Like a wake.
Frontal resistance
Head on, forward movement.
Hydromechanics
This affects the patient's movement through water.
Surface tension
Water molecules on the surface tend to hold together thus creating greater resistance on the surface.
Cohesion
Contributes to the resistance encountered while moving through water.
100
High boys are how many gallons?
200
Low boys are how many gallons?
Ends: 6' , 4'
Center: 36
Hubbard tanks are how many feet on each end and how many inches across the center?
Hubbard tank
This whirlpool is used for full body treatment.
Debridement of wounds, cleaning, circulation/hydration for dry wounds, analgesia/relaxation, contrast baths, and pulse lavage
List the six uses of hydrotherapy as treatment.
Contrast bath
Treatment involves placing one or more extremities alternately in very hot and very cold water.
Contrast baths
This treatment is good for acute injuries.
Constrict, dilate
When using a contrast bath, superficial blood vessels ________ while in the cold water and ________ while in the hot water.
Vascular
Contrast baths are considered a ________ exercise.
Contrast baths
This procedure can increase superficial blood flow in the extremities to a remarkable degree and is believed to hasten healing.
30 minutes
How long should a contrast bath treatment last?
Hot then cold
In what order should you alternate contrast baths?
59-68 degrees F
What temperature should the cold water be in a contrast bath?
105-110 degrees F
What temperature should the hot water be in a contrast bath?
3, 1
When using a contrast bath, patients should be immersed in hot water for ________ minute(s) and cold water for ________ minute(s).
Moderate, extreme
It is recommending that when treating with contrast baths, you should begin with _________ temperatures and then progress to ________ temperatures as the patient can tolerate more.
Pulsed lavage
This treatment can be used to remove dirt or foreign contaminants, remove toxic residuals from topical agents, and soften necrotic tissue.
Delicate granulation
What is a contraindication of using pulsed lavage?
4-15
The intensity for pulsed lavage should be ________ PSI.
Pulsed lavage
This could damage healthy tissue if intensity is too high and the technique can traumatize the wound bed if used improperly.
True
True or false: Pulsed lavage is nonselective.
True
True or false: The whirlpool is nonselective.
Bad Ragaz
This regimen of aquatic exercise uses a buoyant ring to assist in floatation placed around trunk, under extremities, or to support head/neck.
Bad Ragaz
This regimen of aquatic exercise is for musculoskeletal, neurological, or arthritic patients and body weight acts as resistance.
Halliwick
This regimen of aquatic exercise is a 10 point program that focuses on balance, controlled movement, and breathing.
Halliwick
This regimen of aquatic exercise works on mental adjustment, sagittal rotation control, transversal rotation control, longitudinal rotational control, combined rotation control, upthrust, balance in stillness, turbulent gliding, simple progression, and ba
Watsu
This regimen of aquatic exercise consists of warm water, stretching, relaxation, massage, joint mobilization, and shiatsu.
Treatment
Whirlpools must be cleaned before and after each ________.
Regular cultures
This is part of infection control for whirlpools.
92-92 degrees F
What is the neutral range of water temperature for whirlpools?