intraventricular hemorrage
bleeding around and into ventricles - can lead too ventricular swelling
periventricular leukomalacia
damage to white mater surrounding ventricles due to O2 deprivation
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
caused by decreased blood supply/O2 during birth
movement characteristics at <30 weeks
at rest - hypotonia
ballistic movements
autonomically controlled movement (twitches, startles)
movement characteristics at 31-37 weeks
flexion developing feet to head, increasing differentiation
direction of muscle tone progression in premies
caudocephalic (muscle tone develops first in legs and progresses up)
APGAR
A - appearance
P - pulse
G- grimace, reflex irritability
A- activity, muscle tone
R- respiration
factors that determine the at-risk category for neonates
gestational age
birth weight
physiological status
Preterm birth is less than ___ weeks
premature is <37 weeks
low birth weigh is approx. __ lbs
3.5-5.5
reflex
complex motor pattern that is reproduced in relatively stable forms with minimal variability
postural stability
ability to maintain position of body -the COM within stability limits
stability limits
boundaries of an area of space in which body maintains its position w/o changing the base of support
Reactive postural adustment
change in posture that is in response to a movement that is imposed or occurs after a movement
guiding factor in RPA
sensory stimulus
Anticipatory Postural Adjustment
preparation of the body for a volitional movement
practice and learning have a greater impact on APA or RPA
APA
righting responses
head orientation in relation to body or gravity
equilibrium reactions
adjustment for changes of the body orientation in space (righting head and body against gravity when tilted)
protective responses
ex. outstretched arm for protection
3 types of head righting
optical righting - using vision
labyrinthine righting - using vestibular
landau - combo
equilibrium responses - when weight shifts towards one side of the weight bearing surface
1) elongagion of WB side ad shortening/lateral flexion toward non-WB side
2) extremity abd on the non-WB side
Which of the following develops earliest in a given position? Righting, Protective, or Equilibrium Reaction
Righting reaction
what is a critical period?
times when a system is more vulnerable to teratogens
what is a malformation?
structural defect in organ or body part due to abnormal developmental process
what is dysplasia
abnormal organization of cells
what is deformation
alteration in form or shape due to mechanical forces
what is disruption
abnormal breakdown of tissues in normal fetus causing an anatomic defect of organ or segment of body
what is a syndrome
pattern of multiple malformation due to a single case