Primary Dilution
- The Dilution attained as the embalming solution is mxed in the embalming machine.
- This is determined by embalming analysis and prepared by the embalmer
Formula for determining the strength of a primary dilution
c x v = c' x v'
c=strength of concentrated fluid
v=volume (amt of fluid you're going to use in ounces)
c'= the strength of the diluted fluid (primary dilution)
v' = the amount of the diluted fluid (primary dilution)
How many ounces in a gallon?
128
Recommended to inject ____ gallon of diluted fluid for every _____pounds of body weight.
1
50
Recommended strength of injection solution is ____ to ____ %
1.5 - 2.0
How much of a 20 index fluid will it take to make 2 gallons of a 2% injection solution?
c =20
v = ?
c'= 2
v'= 256
20xV= 2x256
It will take 25.6 ozs od a 20 index solution to make 2 gallons of a 2% injection
Using the label directions, determine the strength of the arterial solution for the following ;
Index = 36
8 ozs fluid
make one gallon of injection solution
36 x 8 = c' x 128
288 = c' 128
288/128 = c'128/128
2.25 = c'
It will take 8 ozs of a 36 index fluid to make one gallon of a 2.25% injection solution
Secondary Solution
The weakening of the embalming fluid by the fluids in the body, both vascular and interstitial.
Conditions that will cause this to vary :
-edema
- Dehydration
Fluid Distribution
The movement of embalming (arterial) solution from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries
- one of the factors arterial embalming is based on
Fluid Diffusion
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until a uniform concentration is reached
Processes by which fluid diffusion is accomplished
- Pressure filtration
- Osmosis
Pressure filtration
- The positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming fluid through the capillary wall to mix with the interstitial fluids
- The movement from an intravascular to an extravascular position
Osmosis
- The passage of a solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeabe membrane
- Process by which most embalming chemicals move from the interstitial fluids through the cell wall
Hypotonic Solution
- A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
- A hypotonic solution will move toward the more concentrated solution (try to create a state of equilibrium/balance between the two)
Isotonic Solution
- A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that which it is compared
- Tends to be no movement since the two solutions are already in a state of equilibrium/balance
Hypertonic Solution
- A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
- Will not move; instead the other solution will move toward it to create equilibrium/balance
Dialysis
Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
Gravity filtration
The extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body
Signs of fluid distribution & diffusion
- Distention of superficial vessels
- large volume of blood drainage
- reduction of intravascular blood discoloration
- dye tracing
- loss of elasticity of tissue (firming)
- drying of tissues
- tissue distention - seen in the lips and fingertips
- bleach
Methods of improving fluid distribution
- increase rate of flow
- increase injection pressure
- restrict the drainage - this will increase intravascular pressue
- massage the body
- lower the arms