Proteins that can carry out catalysis in organisms are called ________.
enzymes
Fats are excellent energy storage molecules because
they have a relatively high ratio of energy storing C�H bonds
What are 6 monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose, glyceraldehyde
What are 3 disaccharides?
sucrose, maltose, lactose
What are 4 storage polysaccharides?
starch, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen
What are 2 structural polysaccharides?
cellulose, chitin
What are two examples of primary structure?
The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chains, Ala-Gly-Tyr-Lys-Met-Trp-Phe
What are four examples of secondary structure?
alpha-helix, beta-pleated sheet, results from hydrogen bonds between polar groups in the polypeptide backbone, repeated pattern of coiling or folding within a polypeptide chain
What are two examples of tertiary structure?
The overall 3-D shape of a polypeptide or protein, results from the bending and folding of a polypeptide chain that occurs due to a variety of interactions between the amino acid side chains
What are two examples of quaternary structure?
Refers to teh way several different polypeptide chains fit together to from the final protein, only found in proteins composed of more than one polypeptide chain
True or False. Dehydration synthesis reactions involve the addition of a molecule of water between monomers, leading to the formation of polymers.
False
Egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin. When you fry an egg, why does the egg white turn from clear to white?
The protein becomes denatured.
True or False. Phospholipids are the same as triglycerides in that they are completely hydrophobic.
False
The special molecules that have large structures and characteristically made by living organisms are known as __________.
macromolecules
In a phospholipid molecule, a ______ usually binds to a charged organic molecule, such as choline or the amino acid serine.
phosphate group
In a phospholipid molecule, ______ binds to two fatty acids.
glycerol
In a phospholipid molecule, the fatty acid "tails" are _____.
hydrophobic
In a phospholipid molecule, the "head" is _____.
hydrophilic
When phospholipid molecules are mixed with water, they can spontaneously organize into a bilayer with the "tails" located ______ of the bilayer.
in the center
When phospholipid molecules are mixed with water, they can spontaneously organize into a bilayer with the "heads" located ______ of the bilayer.
on the surface
Lipid bilayers form the basic framework of ______.
biological membranes