The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is
Curl re-formation
The layer of the hair that provides the strength and elasticity is the
Cortex
The natural pH of hair is
4.5 to 5
In permanent waving the size of the curl is determined by the
size of the rod
The technique of wrapping at a 90-degree angle or straight out form the center is
half off-base placement
The two basic types of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are the spiral method and
croquignole method
A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or the removal of
oxygen
Most permanent waves have a pH between
9.0 and 9.6
The basic components of acid waves are permanent wave solution , activator and
Neutralizer
An endothermic wave must be activated using an
Outside heat source
Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for a minimum of
5 minutes
The process of rearranging extremely curly hair into a straighter or smoother form is
chemical hair relaxing
Thio chemical relaxers usually have a pH above
10
Hydroxide ions left in hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using
acid-balanced shampoo
Which type of relaxer contains one component and is used without additional mixing.
metal hydroxide relaxers
lithium hydroxide relaxers and potassium hydroxide relaxers are often advertised sold as
no-lye relaxers
which type of side bonds are relatively week physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges.
salt bonds
which type of rod is also known as a circle rod?
loop rods
for on-base placement, the hair is wrapped at a
_________angle beyond perpendicular to it's base section and the rod is positioned on it's base.
45-degree
Which of these permanent waves processes at room temperature?
ammonia-free wave
chemical texturuzers ________ the pH of the hair.
raise
when should you perform an elasticity test?
before perming the hair
Thioglycolic acid
is a common reducing agent
The _______________________ is the innermost layer of the hair.
Medulla
The partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head in which type of wrap?
curvature permanent wrap
The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called
peptide bonds
A ________________ is a type of perm wrap in which the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod.
spiral perm wrap
is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of a theo relaxer with flat ironing?
Japanese Thermal Straightening
The type of relaxer that requires the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer?
base relaxer
middle layer of the hair is the
cortex
Refers to the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head.
base direction
is a type of wrap that uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.
bookend wrap
is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal bases.
basic permanent warp
is commonly known as a lye relaxer
sodium hydroxide relaxers
which rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area
straight rods
refers to the thinness or thickness of a liquid
viscosity
is the tough exterior of the hair
cuticle
refers to the position of the rod in relation to it's base section.
base placement
a type of wrap is which the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft.
bricklayer permanent wrap
stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into it's new curly form.
thio neutralization
long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds known as
polypeptide chains
the process by which the hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair is called
lanthionization
hydrogen bonds can be broken by
either water or heat
the reducing agent used in permanent waving solution is commonly referred to as
thio
manufacturers add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions because the acid in them
neither swells the hair or penetrates into the cortex
a pH of 7.0 is _____________ than the pH of hair.
100 times more alkaline
most acid waves found in today's salons have a pH between
7.8 and 8.2
is not one of the three main components of an exothermic wave
concentrator
uses and endothermic process
low-pH wave
type of perm that is recommended for very damaged hair.
true acid wave
what is the most common neutralizer
hydrogen peroxide
when rinsing the hair for a permanent wave it is recommended that you
always smell the hair after the recommended time has elapsed.
Japanese thermal straightening
is sometimes called thermal reconditioning.
Mild-strength relaxers are formulated for
fine, color-treated, or damaged hair