Genetic Code
Genetic code where 3 nucleotides specify a single amino acid. (triplet code)
Codon
a triplet of nucleotides that codes for an amino acid, a terminus, or a the beginning of replication.
How many codons can code for an amino acid (many, few, or a single)?
Many
Codon Bias
Organisms utilize a specific codon for amino acids at a higher proportion than other codons.
Universality of Genetic Code
Nearly completely universal with the exception of a few organelles
'Reading Frame'
UAA, UAG, UGA are stops
AUG is start
Transcription Direction
5 to 3, N to C, prime
Transcription
an RNA copy is made of a DNA strand
Initiation
RNA polymerase binds to the -10 and -35 promotion complex
RNA polymerase
seperates DNA strands
open promoter complex
at transcription initiation, the stage at which RNA polymerase is bound and a short region of DNA opens to allow transcription from the template strand
sigma subunit
recognizes promoter
Rho
Rho binds tot he DNA and follows the path of RNA polymerase to the end of the transcribed mRNA. It assists in the termination of transcription. Rho can be bypassed through the usage of inverted loops, in which the nucleotides of the mRNA strand hydrogen b
Pancreatic Enzyme
Only is produced whilst digesting food through constitutive secretion. Enzyme is made all of the time, but only released on an as needed basis.
Cell Splicing Steps
1. Junction between exon 1 is clipped
2. Forms loop
3. Lariat is formed and separates from exon
Constitutive Secretory Pathway
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