amino acid
the monomer that makes up proteins
meaning of helix
twists
meaning of pleats
folds
fibrous structure
word that describes a protein with a long, thin structure (tertiary structure)
globular structure
word that describes a protein with an irregular shape (tertiary structure)
hydrogen bond
type of bond that holds together the structural shape of the proteins (Between a Hydrogen atom and an Oxygen, Nitrogen, Chlorine, or Fluorine atom)
primary structure
structural level of a protein which involves the order of the amino acids
secondary structure
structural level of a protein which involves helices and pleats. The folding is from hydrogen bonds
tertiary structure
structural level of a protein that is 3-D and held together by hydrogen bonds
quaternary structure
structural level of a protein that is made from at least two separate polypeptide chains
contractile proteins
Proteins responsible for muscle contraction
signal proteins
proteins, like peptide hormones, that communicate with other cells
enzymes
proteins that speed up chemical reactions
storage proteins
store nutrients; found in eggs and seeds
structural proteins
proteins that create structures such as tendons and ligaments
defense proteins
Proteins that fight disease, such as antibodies
transport proteins
proteins that help to carry substances throughout the body (hemoglobin carries oxygen) and in and out of cells
receptor proteins
receive signals/messages. They are frequently on the outside of cells.
amino GROUP
consists of a nitrogen and two hydrogen atoms
denature
change the shape of a protein
peptide bond
type of covalent bond connecting amino acids together
polypeptide
many amino acids bonded together
carboxyl group
group containing carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
R group
group which is unique for each of the 20 amino acids