Polymerization is a process that
Involves the removal of a water molecules, links the sugar of one nucleotide with the phosphate lf the next, creates bonds between amino acids in the formation of a peptide chain, and a requires a condensatin reaction
What is not true about pentose?
it has the formula C5 H12 O5
Disaccharides can differ from each other in all of the following ways except
the number in their monosaccharides
What is not true of cellulose?
its monomers are glucose with nitrogen-containing appendages
Plants store most of their energy as....
starch
What happens when a protein loses its structure?
it loses its secondary and tertiary structures
The alpha helix of proteins is
stabilzed by hydrogen bonds and commonly found in fibrous proteins
A fatty acid that has the formula C16 H32 O2 is
saturated
Three molecules of a fatty acid (C16 H32 O2) are joined to make a molecule of glycerol (C3 H8 O3). The resulting molecule has the formula
C51 H98 O6
Beta pleated sheets are characterized by
folds stabilized by hydrogen bonds between segmenrs of the polypeptide backbone
Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because
one of their stomachs contains bacteria that can hydrolyze the binds of cellulose
Which molecule would provide the most energy (kcal/g) when eaten?
fat
What determines the sequence of the amino acids in a particular protein?
the sequence of nucleotides in RNA, which was determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene for that protein
Sucrose is made from joining a glucose and a fructose molecule in a dehydration reaction. What is the molecular formula for this disaccharide?
C12 H22 O11
How are the nucleotide monomers connected form a polynucleotide ?
covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next
Out of cholesterol, nucleotides, amino acids, chitin, and glucose, which is the most hydrophobic molecule?
cholesterol
What is the complementary strand for GCCTAA?
CGGATT
Monkeys and humans share many of the same DNA sequences and have similar proteins, indicating that...
the two groups share a relatively recent common ancestor
What would be a major component of the cell membrane of fungus?
phospholipids
Hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic interactions would be important for which of the following types of molecules?
proteins
What is not a protein function?
being a primary compnent to cell membranes
Proteins with more than one polypeptide chains have ____ structure
quaternary
The conformation of a protein is determined by its ____
primary structure
A pentose joined to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group is called a
nucleotide
Who determined the amino acid sequence of insulin?
Sanger
A carbohydrates includes
starch, monosaccharides, disaccharides, & polysaccharides
Amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the alpha form. Out of cellulose, chitin, glycogen, starch, and amylopectin, what could it break down?
glycogen, starch, and amylopectin
Nucleotides are to ____ as _____ are to proteins
nucleic acids; amino acids
What is true about unsaturated fats?
they have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids
The structural level of a protein least effected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the
primary structure
What is a pair of base sequences that could form a short stretch of normal double helix DNA?
5' ATGC 3' with 5' GCAT 3'
Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What could happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?
the phosphodiester bonds between doxyribose would be broken
What is correct about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand?
it has a phosphate group
After eating a slice of apple, what reactions must occur for the amino acid monomers in the protein of the Apple to be converted to proteins in your body?
released in hydrolysis reactions, incorporated into proteins by dehydration reactins
What is the formula for a monosaccharide with three carbons?
C3 H6 O3
Difference between the structure of a fat (triglyceride) and a phospholipid:
Both have glycerol molecules attached to fatty acids
Fats- three fatty acids attached
Phospholipid- twp fatty acids, one phosphate group