Is the red tide an algae?
all of the above
What is the smallest virus affecting humans?
parvovirus; polio
What is the method of communications within biofilms?
Quorum sensing
How many genes does hepatitis B have?
4 genes
What is species is referred to as trypanasoma cruz?
The "kissing bug"
Loves CO2
Protozoan
What antibacterial mediation is derived from a fungus?
Penicillin
Which of the following has a scollex?
Tapeworms
What viruses has double stranded RNA?
Reovirus
Criptovirus
Cystovirus
What virus has both double stranded DNA and single stranded DNA?
Hepatitis B
What is the main factor in determining the taxonomy of viruses?
Host and disease they cause
Viruses produce all of the following except?
Ribosomes
What phylum is the flu?
Orthoviridae
What is a provirus?
(bacteriophage) - virus genome that is integrated into the host of a cell
Genomes can be?
Circular, linear, fragmented or non fragmented
What is the first step in viral replication?
Adsorption
What is a lysosome?
Contains hydrolytic enzymes; can break down virtually all kinds of biomolecules
What is a peroxisome?
They contain enzymes that degrade mainly long-fatty chained acids, amino acids, and inactivate toxic agents
What happens if a cell were placed in honey?
Water would rush out of the cell and into the honey; hypertonic
What is the effect on hypertonicity and cells?
Plasmolysis
When is bacteria replicated the most?
Logarithmic Phase
Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis are both methods of what kind of transport?
Active
What does an autotroph depend on?
CO2
What is an autotroph that derives energy from light called?
Photoautotroph
How many people are infected in the world with HIV?
34 million
What agar is used for fungi?
Sabaurd's agar
Final electron acceptors in bacteria?
Nitrate
What was decarboxylated to enter the Kreb Cycle?
Pyruvate --> Acetyl CoA
What happened in the Griffith experiment
Nonvirulent ---> virulent
Transduction
Viruses cannot be cultivated in?
Blood agar
In general, RNA viruses multiply in the cell ____, and DNA viruses multiply in the cell ____.
cytoplasm; nucleus
Transpoons
'jumping genes
Which virus has ribosomes
Lassavirus
What is the effect of a nonsense codon?
Changes genetic sequence to stop
Difference between a positive and negative strand?
Positive strand can be translated to protein
Negative strand needs to be turned into positive strand then protein
Beginning sequence of DNA always begins with
TAC
What is present in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes?
Splisosomes
Palindromes
sequence of identical DNA bases
What is the #1 antibiotic that works for fungi?
Amphoteric-B
Streptomyces
actually a bacteria
What viruses are lysogenic?
Herpes and AIDS
What percent dilution is required for coagulation?
50%-75%
Aldehyde kills spores in
3 hrs
Bacteria hates
acidity
What are dimmers
the affect of two nitorgen bases fused together
In vivo cultivation
chicken eggs used
Northern blot vs Western blot?
Northern blot - separates fragments of RNA
Southern blot - separates fragments of DNA
Western blot - separates fragments of proteins
What cells store antigens?
Memory cells
How long does it take for the body to produce an antigen?
2 weeks
Bacillus thuringiensis
produces toxin that does not allow bacteria to go inside
(Spinach)
Icosahedral
has 20 faces
Complex viruses consist of
bacteriophages and poxviruses
Rabies attaches to
acetyl choline receptors
Bacterial respiration is what percent efficient?
80% - 90%
What percent of glucose is transferred to ATP in anaerobic?
25%
Frame-shift mutation
insertion or deletion mutation
Partial section of what is donated in bacteria?
Pilus
Correct tRNA enters the "- site
P-site
Why can't you predict a protein?
Redundancy
Oxidative level phosphorylation is
substrate level
Zn and Mg are cofactors in
DNA
Fermentation yields how many ATP?
2 net
tRNA
85 tRNA
The ability of a cell or system to integrate catabolic and anabolic pathways to improve its efficiency is
Amphibolism
Enzymes that act on ribosomal acid are called?
Ribozymes
An apoenzyme is
protein part of the enzyme
Which of the following elements if seldom if ever appear to be cofactor of enzymes?
Argon and Helium
Which inorganic factor of DNA polymerase?
Zn and Mg
Corynebacterium diphterae without there prophage are
completely harmless
Potassium cyanide
blocks enzymes necessary for ATP
What are electron carriers?
NADH and FADH2
Photosynthesis is made possible by
rubisco
Function of ribozymes
remove introns
Which two microorganisms store phosphate?
Corynebacterium dipteria & Rhizobium
Which two amino acids have sulfur?
Cysteine and Methionine
What are humans classified as?
Chemoheterotrophs
HIV virus
2 single strands of RNA
What is the genus of HIV virus
Lentivirus
What virus looks like a bullet?
Rhabdoviridae
33% of americans are affected by
TB