GENETICS TEST

Prokaryotic cells

dna in cytoplasm

eukaryotic cells

dna in nucleus

chromatin

granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

histone

protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromation

replication

copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA

DNA polymerase

enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule

5' to 3'

way the DNA is replicated

phosphate

attached to 5'

hydroxyl group

attached to 3'

anitparallel

parallel but moving in opposite directions

A

attaches to T

G

attaches to C

A,G

purines

C,T

pyrimides

purines

double ringed

pyrimides

single ringed

gene

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

messenger RNA (mRNA)

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to rest of cell

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

type of RNA that makes up a major part of ribosomes

transfer RNA (tRNA)

type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

transciption

process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA

RNA polymerase

enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription

promoters

region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA

exons

expressed sequence of DNA; code for proteins

intron

sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein

codon

3 nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

translation

decoding of mRNA message into a polypeptide chain

anticodom

group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary mRNA codon

helicase

enzyme whose function is unpackages an organism's genes

primase

enzyme that makes primer

Okazaki fragments

short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging strand during DNA replication

leading strand

dna strand that is synthesized continuously during replicaiton

lagging strand

dna strand that is synthesis discontinuously

ligase

enzyme that catalyzes the binding of two molecules