What is milk composed of?
water, lactose (CHO), proteins, lipids(fats), minerals, vitamins
what is the milk serum phase composed of?
lactose, whey, minerals, salts, and water
what is the apical membrane?
the thing that is putting the milk out
what is the basement membrane?
what the milk is attached to when it goes out
What are the 5 secretion routes?
1. membrane ( aka diffusion)
2. Golgi
3. milk fat (lipids)
4. transcytosis/trans cellular
5. para cellular
example of things we see in the membrane route
water, urea, GLUCOSE, ions
examples of things we see in the golgi route
LACTOSE, casein, whey protein, citrate, CA
Lactose is made where
Golgi route
ex of things we see in the milk fat route
fats, hormones, drugs
which route makes nothing, but moves milk
transcytosis
what can we see in the transcytosis route
colostrum (IGGS-immunoglobulins)
why is the paracellular route bad
WBC have to force their way through tight junctions
what effect can result from the paracellular route
mastitis
long chain FA come from
diet and adipose
short chain FA are made from
mammary gland
Saturated means
no double bonds
unsat. means
double bonds
FA in ruminants come from
glucose
FA in non-ruminants come from
acetate and butyrate
major form of lipids?
Triglycerides
why is fat important?
source of E
provides insulation
maintain body temp
protect vital organs
membrane synthesis
vit transport
what is the major taste factor in milk
fat/lipids
triglycerides are made of
glycerol+3 fatty acids
FA synthesis takes place in
cytoplasm
short carbon chains aka
acetyl-CoA
reducing equivalents aka
NADPH2
animals with the highest fat content
marine
animals with the lowest fat content
humans
CLA stands for
conjugated linoleic acid
most species have lots of what fatty acid
palmitate and oleic acid
ruminants have more __ chains
short
triglyceride synthesis occurs
smooth er
milk proteins synthesized in
mammary gland from blood amino acids
major class of ruminant protein
casein
casein with more P
alpha
casein with most cho
kappa
what does lactoferrin do
bind iron
protein synthesis occurs in
golgi
what is the major osmole in milk?
lactose
precursor to milk proteins
Amino Acids
lactose is made of
glucose and galactose
major enzyme in lactose synthase
alpha lactalbumin
major lactose enzyme complex
lactose synthase
why does milk cells recycle?
membrane to coat cells when they move, then takes it off
what enzyme causes fosforaliation of casein leading to (-) charge of casein
casein kinase
what is the highest mineral in pigs for milk>
Ca
what is the highest mineral in cows milk>
potassium
colostrum is higher in all minerals except
potassium
sodium, potassium and chloride are examples of what
free ions
sodium is the main extracellular
cation
chloride is the main extracellular
anion