Personification
A figure of speech in which an object or animal is spoken as if it had human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes
Simile
A comparison between two unlike things, using a word such as like, as, than, or resembles
Metaphor
An imaginative comparison between two unlike things in which one thing is said to be another thing
Alliteration
The repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close together
Onomatopoeia
The use of words whose sounds imitate or suggest their meaning
Analogy
A comparison made between two things to show how alike they are
Symbol/Symbolism
A person, place, a thing, or event that has meaning in itself and stands for something beyond itself as well
Figures of Speech
A word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be understood as literally
Hyperbole
exaggerated statement
Idiom
An expression peculiar to a particular language that means something different from the literal meaning of the word
Oxymoron
Contradictory terms appear in conjunction
Pun
A play on multiple meanings of a word or on tow words that sounds alike but have different meanings
Irony
A contrast between expectation and reality
Verbal Irony
involves a contrast between what is said or written and what is really meant
Situational Irony
Occurs when what happens is very different from what we expected would happen
Dramatic Irony
Occurs when the audience or the reader knows something a character does not know
Allusion
A reference to a statement, a person, a place, or an event from literature, sports or science
Assonance
The repetition of a consonant sounds in words that are close together
Consonance
Agreement or compatibility opinions or actions
Tone
the attitude a writer takes toward his or her subject, characters, and audience
Dialect
A way of speaking that is characteristic of a certain geographical area or a certain group of people
Meter
A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry
Rhythm
Strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or of words
Rhyme
The repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together in poem
Internal Rhyme
A rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the liner in the middle of the next
External Rhyme
Falls at the ends of lines
Exact Rhyme
Is the repetition of the same stressed vowel sound as well as any consonant
Near/Approximate Rhyme
Rhymes involving sounds that are similar but not exactly the same
Rhyme Scheme
The pattern of end rhymes in a poem
Refrain
A repeated sound, word, phrase, line or group of lines
Couplet
The consecutive ones of poetry that rhyme
Stanza
A group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit
Free Verse
Poetry without a regular meter or rhyme scheme
Epic Poem
A long narrative poem that is written in heightened language and tell stores of deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of society (red book page 427)
Narrative Poem
A poem that tells a story (the highway man)
Lyric Poem
A poem that expresses the feeling or thoughts of a speaker rather than telling a story(red book page 405)
Concrete Poetry
Concrete, pattern, shape poem. Visual Poetry
Elegy
A poem of mourning, usually about someone who has died (O Captain my Captain)
Cinquain
Five line stanza (14 lines total, 4 4 4 2)
Haiku
Japanese, formal five, seven, five syllables
Limerick
A very short humorous or nonsensical poem (AABBA, 15 lines)
Sonnet
A fourteen-line poem, usually written in iambic pentameter
Ode
A lyric poem, rhymed or unrhymed, on a serious subject (always pays tribute to a subject) (red book page 437)
Ballad
A song or songlike poem that tells a story (El Paso, the Highway Man)
Prose
Any writing that is not poetry
Poetry
A kind of rhythmic, compressed language that uses figures of speech and imagery designed to appeal to our emotions and imagination