What is informed consent?
A process that entails conveying information to a client so that the client achieves an understanding about the options to choose to participate in a procedure, test, service, or program
Why is informed consent important?
Claims can be made based on a type of breach of contract for failure to obtain adequate information consent from exercise participants
What components should be included in Informed Consent?
- Purpose and Explanation of Test
- Risks and Discomforts
- Benefits to be Expected
- Inquires
- Us of Medical Records
- Freedom of Consent
What is the pre-participation screening process?
Go through the ACSM Exercise Pre-participation Health Screening Form to determine what exercise recommendation should be made, if any, and if clearance is needed.
Determines
- Individuals current level of PA
- Presence of signs and symptoms and chronic di
Why is the pre-participation screening process important?
- Reduced possible unnecessary barriers to adopting and maintaining a regular exercise program, a lifestyle of habitual physical activity, or both
- Emphasizes the important public health message that regular physical activity is important for all individ
Who should undergo the pre-participation screening process?
Everyone
What does the pre-participation screening process entail?
Determines
- Individuals current level of PA
- Presence of signs and symptoms and chronic diseases
- Desired exercise intensity
What is BMR?
Basal Metabolic Rate: the minimum level of energy to sustain vital functions in the waking state
What is RMR?
Resting Metabolic Rate: consists of basal and sleeping conditions plus the metabolic cost of arousal
BMR vs. RMR
RMR is always slightly higher than BMR. RMR includes the breakdown of food because food is consumed 3-4 hours prior
Indirect Calorimetry
Measures oxygen consumption during PA
- Relatively simple and inexpensive
- Yields results similar to direct measurement
- 2 types
- Closed-circuit spirometry
- Open-circuit spirometry
Direct Calorimetry
Measures energy expenditure via heat production
- Limited practical applications
- Requires considerable time and expense
What is a MET? How is it Defined?
Metabolic Equivalent: the energy expended by the body at rest
1 MET = 3.5 mL/kg/min
How is RMR measured?
Measures O2 consumption in the lab under controlled conditions
- 3-4 hours after a meal and no prior PA
How is RMR estimated?
Prediction equations
What RMR prediction equation is best for which population
Harris Benedict: Used large participant pools of men and women
Owen: Used 60 males and 44 females of varying body comps
Mifflin-St Jeor: More accurate formula, 47% of participants were obese
Katch-McArdle and Cunningham: Lean body mass, should be used mor
What is RER?
Respiratory Exchange Ratio: Ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed when factors other than food combustion contribute to gas exchange.
What is RQ?
Respiratory Quotient
- Carbs, fats, and patients, required different amounts of O2 from complete oxidation of each molecule's carbon and hydrogen atoms to CO2 and H2O end-products.
- RQ describes this ration
- RQ = CO2 produced / O2 consumption
- Seldom r
How is RER measured?
- measured at mouth/lungs
- computed the same as RQ
How is RQ measured?
CO2 produced / O2 consumed
Define VO2 max
Maximal volume of oxygen utilized by the body's cells
((Maximal oxygen uptake))
- aerobic power
Why is VO2 max important?
VO2max is inversie related to coronary heart disease and all cause mortality. Improving Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with lower all cause mortality and has significant health benefits.
What does VO2 max measure?
The maximal capability of the oxidative energy system to produce ATP during exercise
What are the criteria for determining a maximal effort?
1. A plateau in O2 consumption; an increase in VO2 no greater than 150 mL/min at a succeeding stage
a. < 50% increase in VO2 from previous stage
b. < 2 mL/kg/min from previous stage
2. Blood lactate > 8 mmol/L (if measuring blood lactate concentration)
3.