Persuasion
The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions.
The goal of persuasive speaking
Any movement by a listener from left to right
Mental dialogue with the audience
The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech
Target audience
The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade
Question of fact
A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion
Nonpartisan
The speaker acts as a lecturer or teacher. The aim is to give information as impartially as possible, not to argue for a particular point of view.
Partisan
The speaker acts as an advocate. His or her aim is to present one view of the facts as persuasively as possible.
Topical Organization
Speech is organized into reasons with specific purpose, central idea, and main points.
Spatial Organization
Speech is organized into reasons geographically.
Question of value
A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.
Value judgments
Judgments based on what is right or wrong, good or bad, moral or immoral, proper or improper, fair or unfair.
Justify
Support your claim of value.
Standards
Established rules of why you are making a certain decision.
Questions of Policy
A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken. (usually include the word "should")
Speech to gain passive agreement
A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy.
Speeches to gain immediate action
A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy.
Need
The first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Is there a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy?
Burden of Proof
The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.
Plan
The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with current policy does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem.
Practicality
The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker's plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems?
Problem-Solution order
A method or organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main points presents a solution to the problem.
Problem-Cause-Solution order
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the cause of the problem and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.
Comparative advantages order
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions.
Monroe's motivated sequence
A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.
Monroe's 5 Steps
Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, Action.