analogy
Combines the principles of both comparison and contrast by pointing out similarities between things or concepts that are essentially dissimilar.
argument
a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true
articulation
The way you produce individual speech sounds.
audience dynamics
the motivations, attitudes, beliefs, and values that effect how listeners receive a message.
bar graph
Visual that shows comparisons and contrasts between two or more items or groups.
body of a speech
The main substance of a speech which explains the main ideas and backs them up with supporting details, or secondary ideas.
ceremonial speech
A speech that celebrates special occasions, such as speeches of tribute, inspiration, and introduction, eulogies, toasts, award presentations, acceptances and after dinner speeches. Their deeper function is to share identities and reinforce values that un
communication apprehension
(communication anxiety) The range of unpleasant sensations and fears you may experience before or during a presentation.
conclusion
The ending of the speech, which summarizes the message and leaves listeners with something to remember. Also, the final statement of the relationship between the major and minor premises of an argument.
critical listening
Listening with careful analysis and evaluation of message content.
critique
An evaluation of a speech that emphasizes strengths as well as weaknesses and that focuses on how a speaker might improve.
deductive argument
Arguing from a general principle to a specific case.
enunciation
The manner in which individual words are articulated and pronounced in context.
ethos
Those characteristics that make a speaker appear honest, credible, powerful and appealing.
evidence
materials presented to prove or disprove alleged facts [this definition is not from the book]
extemporaneous presentation
A form of presentation in which a speech, although carefully prepared and practiced, is not written out or memorized.
hypothetical example
A representation of reality, usually a synthesis of actual people, situations, or events.
impromptu speaking
A talk delivered with minimal or no preparation.
informative speech
A speech that simply informs, rather than attempting to persuade, an audience about a topic
internal summary
A transition that reminds listeners of major points already presented in a speech before proceeding to new ideas.
introduction of speech
the first structural unit of a speech, capture attentions, preview main points [not from book]
line graph
A visual representation of changes across time; especially useful for indicating trends of growth or decline.
logos
A form of proof that makes rational appeals based on facts and figures and expert testimony.
manuscript presentation
A speech read from a manuscript.
media prompts
Sources such as newspapers, magazines, and electronic media that can suggest ideas for speech topics
message
The words, nonverbal cues, and presentation aids that convey the speaker's ideas, motives, and feelings towards a subject.
motivated sequence design
A persuasive speech design that proceeds by arousing attention, demonstrating a need, satisfying a need, visualizing results, and calling for action.
mythos
A form of proof that connects a subject to the culture and tradition of a group of narratives.
narrative
Stories that illustrate the ideas of a speech.
pathos
Proof relying on appeals to emotions.
persuasive speech
A speech that attempts to persuade audiences to believe and/or do something [my definition, not from book]
pie graph
A circle graph that shows the size of a subject's parts in relation to each other and to the whole.
plagiarism
Presenting the ideas and words of others without crediting them as sources.
presentation
An informative talk, such as a lecture or speech, that usually includes visuals. [definition not from book]
problem-solution design
A persuasive speech pattern in which listeners are first persuaded that they have a problem and then are shown how to solve it.
proof
An interpretation of evidence that provides a good reason for listeners to agree with the speaker.
purpose
The speaker's overall intention to inform or persuade listeners, or to celebrate some person or occasion.
rate
The speed at which words are uttered.
receiver
The audience; those for whom the message is intended and in anticipation of whom the message is shaped.
sequential design
A pattern for an informative speech that presents the steps involved in the process being demonstrated.
slippery slope fallacy
The assumption that once something happens, an inevitable trend is established that will lead to disastrous results.
source
Somewhere information for a speech, essay and so on comes from (a person, book, newspaper article, etc;). [definition not from book]
specific purpose
The speaker's particular goal or the response that the speaker wishes to evoke.
speech of acceptance
A ceremonial speech expressing gratitude for an honor and acknowledging those who made the accomplishment possible.
speech of demonstration
An informative speech aimed at showing the audience how to do something or how something works.
speech of introduction
A ceremonial speech in which a featured speaker is introduced to the audience.
speech urging action (speeches that advocate action)
Speeches that encourage listeners to change their behavior either as individuals or as members of a group.
statistics
Numerical facts that describe the size of something, make predictions, illustrate trends, or show relationships.
subpoints
The major divisions of a speech's main points.
summary statement (summary)
The speaker's reinterpretation of the speech's main ideas at the end of a presentation.
supporting materials
The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.
target audience
a specific group of people a speaker wants to direct his or her message to
testimony
Citing the opinions or conclusions of other people or institutions to clarify, support, and strengthen a point.
textual graphics
Visuals that contain words, phrases, or numbers.
thematic statement
(thesis statement) Sometimes called the "central idea," it summarizes in a single sentence the message of your speech.
transitions
Connecting elements used in speeches.
visual aids
(type of presentation aids) illustrations intended to enhance the clarity and effectiveness of a presentation.