Public speaking ch. 7,8,9,10

Catalogue

A listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library

Call number

A number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves

Reference work

A work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers

Newspaper and periodical database

A research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers

Abstract

A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author

Academic database

A database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals

Virtual database

A search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloging and assessing data

Sponsoring organization

An organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the internet

Research interview

An interview conducted to gather information for a speech

Preliminary bibliography

A list compiled early in the research process of works that look at if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic

Supporting materials

The materials used to support a speakers ideas

Examples

A specific case used to illustrate of represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like

Brief examples

A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point

Hypothetical example

An example that describes an imaginary of fictitious situation

Statistics

Numerical data

Mean

The average value of a group of numbers

Median

The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest

Mode

The number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers

Testimony

Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point

Expert testimony

Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields

Direct quotation

Testimony that is presented word for word

Paraphrase

To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words

Quoting out context

Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it

Strategic organization

Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience

Main points

The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain gym two to five main points.

Chronological order

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

Spatial order

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

Causal order

A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship

Problem-solution order

A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem

Topical order

A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

Supporting materials

The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.

Connectives

A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them

Transitions

A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

Internal preview

A statement in the body of the speech that let's the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

Internal summaries

A statement in the body of the speech that summaries the speaker's preceding points

Signpost

A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

Rhetorical questions

A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud

Credibility

The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic

Goodwill

The audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind

Preview statement

A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

Crescendo ending

A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

Dissolve ending

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement