Catalogue
A listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library
Call number
A number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves
Reference work
A work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers
Newspaper and periodical database
A research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers
Abstract
A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author
Academic database
A database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals
Virtual database
A search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloging and assessing data
Sponsoring organization
An organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the internet
Research interview
An interview conducted to gather information for a speech
Preliminary bibliography
A list compiled early in the research process of works that look at if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic
Supporting materials
The materials used to support a speakers ideas
Examples
A specific case used to illustrate of represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like
Brief examples
A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point
Hypothetical example
An example that describes an imaginary of fictitious situation
Statistics
Numerical data
Mean
The average value of a group of numbers
Median
The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest
Mode
The number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers
Testimony
Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
Expert testimony
Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields
Direct quotation
Testimony that is presented word for word
Paraphrase
To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words
Quoting out context
Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it
Strategic organization
Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience
Main points
The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain gym two to five main points.
Chronological order
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern
Spatial order
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern
Causal order
A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship
Problem-solution order
A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem
Topical order
A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics
Supporting materials
The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.
Connectives
A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them
Transitions
A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another
Internal preview
A statement in the body of the speech that let's the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next
Internal summaries
A statement in the body of the speech that summaries the speaker's preceding points
Signpost
A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas
Rhetorical questions
A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud
Credibility
The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
Goodwill
The audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind
Preview statement
A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body
Crescendo ending
A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity
Dissolve ending
A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement