Supporting Materials
The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are , examples, statistics, and testimony.
Example
A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.
Brief Example
A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.
Extended Example
A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
Hypothetical Examples
An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.
Statistics
Numerical data
Mean
The average value of a group of numbers
Median
The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest.
Mode
The number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.
Testimony
Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point.
Expert Testimony
Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields.
Peer Testimony
Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.
Direct Quotation
Testimony that is presented word for word.
Paraphrase
To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words.
Quoting out of context
Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it.
Why do we use supporting material in speeches?
Supporting material often makes the difference between a poor speech and a good one.
What three examples used for support?
1. Brief examples
2. Extended Examples
3. Hypothetical examples
What are 5 tips for using examples in your speeches?
1. Use examples to clarify your ideas
2. Use examples to reinforce your ideas
3. Use examples to personalize your ideas
4. Make your examples vivid and richly textured
5. Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples
Why is it easy to lie with stats?
Because one can manipulate numbers in anyway they want.
What three questions should you ask to judge the reliability of stats?
1. Are the statistics representative?
2. Are statistical measures used correctly?
3. Are the statistics from a reliable source?
What are 6 tips for using statistics in your speeches?
1. Use stats to quantify your ideas
2. Use stats sparingly
3. Identify the sources of your stats
4. Explain your stats
5. Round off complicated stats
6. Use visual aids to clarify stats trends
What is the difference between expert testimony and peer testimony?
the expert establishes credibility
What are 4 tips when using testimony in the speeches.
1. Quote or paraphrase accurately
2. Use testimony from qualified sources
3. Use testimony from unbiased sources
4. Identify the people you quote or paraphrase
What four items do you normally need to provide when making oral source citations in a speech?
1. The book, mag, newspaper, or web document your citing.
2. The author or sponsoring organization of the document.
3. The author's qualifications with regard to topic.
4. The date on which the document was published, posted, or updated.