Stage Fright
Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience ( Ch 1: 9)
Adrenaline
A hormone release into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress (ch 1: 10)
Positive Nervousness
Controlled nervousness that helps energize a peaker for his or her presentation (ch. 1:10)
Visualization
Mental imaging in which the speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation (ch 1:13)
Critical Thinking
Focused organization thinking about such things as the logical relationship among ideas, the soundness of evidence and the differences between fact and opinion (Ch 1:16)
Speaker
The person who is presenting an oral message to the listener (1:18)
Message
Whatever the speaker communicates to someone else
1:18
Channel
The means by which a message is communicated (ie radio, TV, etc) 1:19
Listener
The person who receives the speakers message 1:19
Frame of reference
The sum of a persons knowledge experiences, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference 1:20
Feedback
The message usually none verbal sent from the listener back to the speaker 1:20
Interference
Anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to the listeners
(cell phone, traffic outside the building, hot room etc) 1:21
Situation
The time and place in which speech communication occurs 1:21
(speaker) >message
<-------> channel
Feedback <(Listener)
Ethnocentrism
The belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures (1:24)
Ethics
The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs (2:30)
Ethical decisions
Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines (2:31)
Ethical speaking guidelines
1. Make sure your goals are ethically sound
2. Be fully prepared for your speech
3. Be honest in what you say
4. avoid name calling and other forms of abusive language
5. Put ethical principles into practice
(2: 31-35)
Ethical Listening guidelines
Listeners obligations to Speaker (2:41-42)
1. To listen courteously and attentively:
A. Sit up straight in chair, no slouching.
B. Maintain eye contact with the speaker.
C. Show Support, encouragement to the speaker with
appropriate facial expressions. (4
Name- calling
The use of language to defame demean, or degrade individuals or groups (2:34)
Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the US Constitution
(2:34)
Plagiarism definition
and 3 textbook types of plagiarism
Plagiarism (General Definition) -
Presenting another persons language or ideas as your own. (2:36)
3 Textbook Types of Plagiarism :
Global plagiarism - single source of entirely stolen speech (2:37)
Patchwork plagiarism- two or three stolen sources of ide
Global Plagiarism
Global plagiarism - single source of entirely stolen speech (2:37)
Example: I took Pres. Ronald Reagan's entire speech and pretended that I wrote it thinking no one would know.
Patchwork Plagiarism
Patchwork plagiarism- two or three stolen sources of ideas or language. (2:37)
Example: I took part of Pres Clinton's speech, President Bush speech and President Ronald Reagan's speech combined them into one speech and claimed to be the author of the spee
Incremental Plagiarism
Incremental Plagiarism- Failing to give credit for a particular part of the speech that are borrowed from other people.
IE; quotations or paraphrasing (2:38)
Example:
I claim to be the author of the quote " to be or not to be" or I "forget" to cite willia
Paraphrase
To restate or summarize authors ideas in your own words. Even though you are not quoting directly you must cite or give credit to the person who had the original ideas that are being summarized. (2:39)
When in doubt: ALWAYS CITE YOUR SOURCE (2:40)
Plagiarism (Avoiding)-Two ways
1. How to avoid when working on the internet:
>Always keep detailed notes of research, so you do not
accidentally plagiarize material you have read.
1. the title of the internet document
2. The author or organization responsible for the document
3. The da
Hearing
The vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain. (3:48)
Listening (The Art)
Paying close attention to and making sense of what we hear (3:48)
Listening and Critical Thinking ( Types)
> Appreciative
> Empathic
> Comprehensive
> Critical
> Active
Appreciative Listening-
listening for pleasure or enjoyment, as when we listen to music , to comedy routine, or to an entertaining speech.
Empathic Listening-
Provide emotional support for the speaker (liken to; as a therapist listens to a patient or symp
Listening:
4 Causes of POOR listening:
(3:50-52)
------------------------------------------------------------------Becoming a Better Listener:
(poor listener)
1. not concentrating
2. Listening to hard
3. Jumping to conclusions
4. focusing on delivery and personal appearance
---------------------------------------------------------
(better listener)
1. Take it seriously
2. Be active listener
3. R
Spare "brain" Time
Difference between the rate at which most people talk (120-150 WPM) and the rate in which the brain can process language (400- 800 WPM)
(3:50)
Outline Type:
KEY-WORD
An outline that briefly notes a speakers main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form (3:59)
Ice-Breaker Speech
A speech early in the term designed to get students speaking in front of the class as soon as possible. (4:64)
Extemporaneous Speech
A Carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.
Preparing your Speech:
>Developing Speech
1. Focusing on your topic
2. Developing your topic
(4:66)
Organizing your Speech:
>Introduction
(Transition)
>Body: Main Points:
>Chronological order of Body
> Topical Order
(Transition)
> Conclusion
Introduction:
the opening section of a speech
(orient you listener toward the subject matter)
Body:
The main section of a speech
Main Points:
the major points developed in the body of speech
> Chronological order:
Main points follow a time pattern
> Topic
Presenting your Speech: Extemporaneous Method
> Speaking Extemporaneous
> Rehearsing the Speech
> Presenting the Speech
1. Start speech:
move to the front, take a moment to look at audience and smile.
2. Gestures:
use hand gestures, but don't let them distract listeners from you message
3. Eye Contact:
Make sure to look at all of audience
4. Voice:
Use voice expressively
p
Topic (78)
The subject of a speech
>Topics you know a lot about
>Topics you want to know a lot about
>Brainstorming for topics
> Personal inventory: inventory of experiences, interests, hobbies, skills, beliefs, etc.
> Clustering: 9 columns: people, places, things,
General Purpose (82)
The broad goal of a speech:
>to inform
>to persuade
Specific Purpose (82)
A single infinitive phase that states precisely what a speaker
hopes to accomplish in his or her speech
Central Idea (89)
A one sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech
Residual Message (89)
What a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in the speech
Purpose statement Outline:
(78-89)
Topic:
Music Therapy
General purpose:
To inform
Specific Purpose:
To inform my audience about the benefits of music therapy
Central Idea:
Music therapy developed as a formal mode of treatment during the 20th century, utilizes a number of methods and is ex
egocentrism
The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values beliefs and well being.
audience-centeredness
Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation
Demographic audience anaysis
Audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age gender sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background
Stereotyping
Creating an over simplified image of a particular group of people usually by assuming that all members of the group are all alike.