Public Speaking Exam 1

Similarities between Public Speaking and Conversation (4)

1. Logical order
2. Tell stories for maximum impact
3. Adapt to audience feedback
4. Tailor to audience

Differences between public speaking and conversation (3)

1. public speaking uses more formal language
2. public speaking is more highly structured
3. public speaking has a different method of delivery

Dealing with Nerves (5)

1. Don't expect perfection
2. most nervousness isn't visible
3. think positively
4. gain experience
5. prepare

Components of Speech Communication Process (7)

1. speaker
2. message
3. feedback
4. interference
5. channel
6. situation
7. listener

Guidelines for Ethical Speaking (5)

1. Make your goals ethically sound
2. fully prepare
3. be honest
4. avoid name-calling and abusive language
5.put ethical principles into practice

guidelines for ethical listening (3)

1. don't prejudge speaker
2. be courteous and attentive
3. maintain free and open expression of ideas

Types of listening (4)

1. empathic
2. appreciative
3. comprehensive
4. critical

causes of poor listening (4)

1. listening too hard
2. not concentrating
3. focusing on personal appearance or delivery
4. jumping to conclusions

Ways to become a better listener (6)

1. develop note-taking habits
2. take listening seriously
3. be active listener
4. resist distractions
5. don't be diverted by appearance/delivery
6. focus your listening

Components of Demographic Audience Analysis (6)

1. Age
2. gender
3. sexual orientation
4. religion
5. group membership
6. ethnic/cultural/racial background

Situational audience analysis components (5)

1. size
2. physical setting
3. disposition toward speaker
4. disposition toward topic
5. disposition toward occasion

types of survey questions (3)

1. fixed alternative
2. scaled
3. open ended

types of reference works (4)

1. yearbooks
2. quotebooks
3. biographical aids
4. encyclopedias

Criteria for Evaluating Internet Documents (3)

1. Sponsorship
2. Authorship
3. recency

During Interview (6)

1. Set up recorder
2. remind of purpose
3. dress appropriately/ be on time
4. keep on track
5. listen carefully
6. don't overstay welcome

Before Interview (5)

1. Decide purpose
2. decide whom to interview
3. arrange interview
4. think of questions
5. decide whether to record interview

After Interview (2)

1. review notes ASAP
2. transcribe notes
3. thank you letter

Tips for Doing Research (3)

1. take notes
2. think critically as you research
3. start early

Types of Supporting Materials (3)

1. testimony
2. statistics
3. examples

Types of Examples (3)

1. brief
2. extended
3. hypothetical

Tips for Using Examples (5)

1. reinforce ideas
2. clarify ideas
3. personalize ideas
4. vivid richly texture
5. practice delivery

Tips for Using Statistics (6)

1. explain
2. round off
3. quantify ideas
4. identify sources
5. visual aids
6. use sparingly

Testimony Types (2)

1. expert
2. peer

Tips for Testimony (4)

1. identify speaker
2. qualified sources
3. quote accurately
4. unbiased sources

Ways of Organizing Main Points (5)

1. spatial
2. chronological
3. causal
4. topical
5. problem-solution

Types of Connectives (4)

1. transitions
2. internal previews
3. internal summaries
4. sign posts

Introduction Components (5)

1. attention grabber
2. establish credibility
3. relate to audience
4. preview main points
5. state topic

Types of Attention-Getters (7)

1. story
2 quote
3 startle audience
4 arouse curiosity
5 importance of topic
6 question audience
7 relate to audience

Conclusion components (2)

1. signal end of speech
2. reinforce central idea

Ways to Reinforce Central Idea (4)

1. summarize
2. quote
3. grand statement
4.refer to introduction

Ways to Use Language Clearly (3)

1. use familiar words
2. eliminate clutter
3. use concrete words

Types of Imagery (4)

1 concrete words
2 simile
3 metaphor
4 cliche

Rhythm (4)

1 alliteration
2 antithesis
3 repetition
4 parallelism

Using Inclusive Language (4)

1 avoid generic he
2 don't stereotype job/social gender roles
3 use the names groups use to identify themselves
4 keep updated

Methods of Delivery (4)

1. Manuscript speech
2. impromptu
3 recited from memory
4 extemporaneous

Speaker's voice (8)

1 volume
2 pitch
3 tone
4 vocal variety
5 rate
6 pause
7 pronunciation
8 articulation

Speaker's Body (4)

1. personal appearance
2. gestures
3 eye contact
4 movement

practicing delivery (6)

1 go through preparation outline aloud
2. prepare speaking outline
3. practice speech aloud several times
4. refine delivery
5. start early
6. dress rehearsal

Preparing for Q&A (2)

1. think of answers to possible questions
2. practice delivering answers

Managing Q&A (5)

1. stay on track
2. be positive
3. be honest
4. direct answers to entire audience
5. listen carefully

Types of Visual Aids (7)

1. models and objects
2. photos and drawings
3. speaker
4. video
5. graphs
6. charts
7. PowerPoint

Preparing Visual Aids (7)

1. use color effectively
2. use font effectively
3. make sure it is large enough
4. don't use too much text
5. keep simple
6. prepare in advance
7. don't use unnecessary images

Presenting Visual Aids (7)

1 speak to audience not aid
2 put aids where can be seen
3 keep aid visible only while presenting
4 explain
5 check room and equipment
6 practice
7 don't pass aid into audience

Types of Informative Speeches (4)

1 concept
2 object
3 event
4 process

Guidelines for Informative Speaking (6)

1. be creative
2. avoid abstractions
3 don't be too technical
4 relate to audience
5 don't overestimate the audience's knowledge
6 personalize ideas

Types of Leadership (4)

1 implied
2 emergent
3 designated
4 no specific leader

Functions of leadership (3)

1 task needs
2 maintenance needs
3. procedural needs

Responsibilities of Small Group Member (5)

1 encourage full participation
2 commit to goals of group
3 fulfill individual assignments
4 avoid interpersonal conflicts
5 keep discussion on track

Steps of Reflective-Thinking Method

1 establish problem
2 analyze problem
3 develop criteria for solution
4 generate possible solutions
5 decide on best solution

Types of Group Presentations

1 oral report
2 panel discussion
3 symposium