Find a slope with two points
(y2?y1)/
(x2?x1)
What do the variables stand for in y=mx + b? How do you find the x and y intercept?
M is the slope, b is the y-intercept (when x is 0)
To find the x-intercept, set y=0 and solve
What is an integer?
A WHOLE number (not a fraction or decimal!) that can be positive or negative
Midpoint formula
Distance formula between two points
How many questions on the math section will typically involve logarithms?
1-2
Rewrite log (b) x = y
log (b) xy =
Average speed
Probability of an outcome
Probability of two, mutually exclusive, outcomes both happening is
Combinations
The possible amount of different combinations of a number of different elements (order doesn't matter)
number of element A
number of element B
number of element C....
Volume of a rectangular solid
l x w x h
Area of a parallelogram
How do you find the height if not given?
A = b x h
Pythagorean theorem
Isosceles triangle (sides and angles)
30, 60, 90 degree triangle
Area of a trapezoid
Often, you are given enough information to drop down two 90 angles to make a rectangle and two right triangles. You'll need this for the height anyway, so you can simply find the areas of each triangle and add it to the area of the rectangle, if you would
Area of a circle
Area of an arc
Circumference of a circle (2 formulas)
Circumference of an arc
Equation of a circle
Given a radius and a center point of a circle (h, k)
Volume of a cylinder
SOH CAH TOA triangle
Cosecant
Secant
Cotangent
nth term of an arithmatic sequence
nth term of a geometric sequence
x^(a+b)
x^(a-b)
x^(a x b)
(xy)^a
radical(xy)
n (in terms of logb)
i^0
i^1
i^2
i^4
(the pattern repeats after that)
#NAME?
Parallel lines have ____ slopes
Perpendicular lines have ____ slopes
equal
neg. reciprocal
intersecting lines
opposite angles are equal
Angles on the inside of any triangle add up to
180
The length of one side of any triangle is always _______ the sum and ________ the
difference of the lengths of the other two sides.
LESS THAN the sum
GREATER THAN the difference
Similar triangles
Two or more triangles are similar if they have the same shape. The
corresponding angles are equal, and the corresponding sides
are in proportion
To convert from degrees to radians, just multiply by
Distance =
rate x time
Reflection of a graph
The graph is "mirrored" along a "mirror line
Reflections: When the mirror line is the x-axis
we change each (x,y) into
(x,?y)
Reflections: When the mirror line is the y-axis
we change each (x,y) into
(?x,y)
Transformations of y = a(x - h)^2 + k
(a)
As a gets larger, the graph shrinks
As a gets smaller, the graph widens
Transformations of y = a(x - h)^2 + k
(h)
If h is positive (x - 3), shift 3 to the right
If h is negative (x + 3), shift 3 to the left
Transformations of y = a(x - h)^2 + k
(k)
If k is positive (x - h) + 4, shift 4 up
If h is negative (x - h) - 4, shift 4 down
Radical (5/4) ^ 3
5/4 ^ 3/2
Convert 11/4 to a mixed fraction
Divide 11 by 4. This equals 2 with a remainder of 3. Therefore, the mixed fraction is 2 3/4
Convert 3 2/5 to an improper fraction
Sum of an arithmetic series
Sum of a finite geometric series
Direct proportion equation
y = kx
Inverse proportion equation
y = k/x
Line segment
Has a starting point and an ending point
Line
has no start/end
Ray
Has one start point and no end point
Cell organelles
Parts of cells
Plant and animal cells both contain
nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Both also contain similar membranes, cytosol, and cytoskeletal elements
Lysosomes
hold enzymes. Lysosomes digest food or break down the cell when it dies
Mitochondria
act like a digestive system, which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules (ATP) for the ANIMAL cell
Eukaryotic cells
is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes (as opposed to cells like bacteria that are prokaryotic)
cell nucleus
acts like the brain of the cell. It contains the cell's DNA, or the genetic information from which proteins are made. It also helps control eating, movement, and reproduction
Chloroplasts
only exist in plant cells and assist in the process of photosynthesis, converting light into energy (which only plants do, not animals)
Cell membrane
holds all of the pieces of the cell and serves as the barrier between the cell and other cells
DNA contains the genetic information needed for making
proteins (protein synthesis)
Protein synthesis involves (4)
DNA, RNA, ribosomes and proteins
Messenger RNA (known as mRNA) makes
a copy of the sequence of DNA of a specific gene
When Messenger RNA (known as mRNA) makes a copy of the sequence of DNA of a specific gene, this process is known as _____ and happens in the _____
transcription and happens in the nucleus
Ribosomes
_________ use mRNA as a guide to make protein of the same amino acid sequence as the original DNA
The process of producing protein from the mRNA is referred to as
Translation
So, the process of protein synthesis consists of two steps:
DNA to mRNA transcription and mRNA to protein translation
The basic sugar molecule structure is
C6H12O6
Fats are made up of
C (Carbon), H (Hydrogen), and O (Oxygen)
Fats. v sugar
Fats have nearly twice the number of H as C and a very small number of O. Fats are much bigger in size than sugar
Proteins are composed of
amino acids
all proteins contain
C, H, O and N (Nitrogen
Nucleic acid (def. and 2 examples)
biomolecules - DNA and RNA
Nucleic acids are made up of 3 parts:
a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Nucleic acids are different from Sugar, Fat, and Proteins because they
are made up of P (Phosphorus) and N in addition to C, H, and O
Water freeze and boil temp (C)
0, 100
A pH scale is a measure of
how acidic or basic a substance is
While the pH scale formally measures the _______, it is typically approximated as the ______
activity of hydrogen ions in a substance or solution, concentration of hydrogen ions
pH of below 7 is
acidic
ph of 7 is
neutral
ph above 7
basic
mass of a molecule =
the sum of the mass of its atoms (ie C02 is heavier than 02 because it has an extra carbon atom)
Atoms are composed of three types of particles:
protons, electrons, and neutrons
Like charges_____ each other, while opposite charges _____ each other
repel, attract
Below freezing point, a material will be in ____ form
solid
just above freezing point a material will be in ______ form
liquid
above boiling point, liquid becomes _____
gas (is vaporized)
gravity is a _______ force that acts on objects
downward
other forces (such as a spring or pulley) can _______ gravity
counteract
Density is the
degree of compactness of a substance
Density formula
Density = mass/volume
Denser objects _____, and less dense objects _____
sink, float
Objects only float when they are _____ dense than the liquid they are placed in.
less
How to find total time (when given distance and speed)
Time = distance/speed
Meiosis is the process by which _______ are formed
gametes
Gamete
sperm and egg cells
Mitosis is the process by which _____ are formed
Neurons, skin cells, erythrocytes
Cells divide and reproduce in two ways:
mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in
two genetically identical daughter cells developing from a single parent cell
Are cells replicated in meiosis genetically identical or different?
Different
The variables that the scientists actively change in an experiment are the ___________ variables
independent
In an experiment, the variables that a scientist observes are the ______ variables
dependent
In Observational studies, scientists
simply collect data and study differences
In Experimental studies, scientists
create an experiment where they choose to change certain variables and see how the result changes in response. For example, there is an ACT Science article about giving tadpoles varying amounts of a certain chemical and seeing how it affects their transfo
In both Observational and Experimental studies, scientists are looking for the _______ between different conditions
differences
When data points are graphed on a XY-graph, independent variables are usually on the ______, and dependent variables on the ______
independent = x-axis
dependent = y-axis
sin^2 + cos^2 =
1
Sin/Cos =
Tan
Rational vs. irrational numbers
Rational = whole number or fraction
Irrational = radicals, e, pi
Congruent
same shape and size
Collinear
Three or more points are said to be collinear if they lie on a single straight line
Acclaim
Applaud
Ambiguous
Unclear
Antagonistic
Hostile
Apathy
Lack of caring
Apprehension
Fear
Articulate
Effective
Concede
Admit
Constraint
Repression of feelings
Contentious
Quarrelsome
Conviction
Strongly held belief
Convoluted
Complicated
Credulity
Naivete
Daunt
Frighten
Debiliate
Weaken
Defiance
Resistance
Despondent
Depressed
Deter
To discourage
Detrimental
Harmful
Diligence
Persistent hard work
Dispel
Drive away
Disputatious
Argumentative
Distort
Deform
Eccentric
Odd
Eloquence
Persuasive speech
Elucidate
Make clear
Embellish
To improve by adding detail
Emerge
To become known
Engender
Cause produce
Enigma
Mystery
Erratic
Odd
Exacerbate
Worsen
Exacting
Demanding
Feign
To pretend to do something
Fickle
Changeable
Forgo
To abstain from
Frail
Weak
Glutton
Who eats too much
?mminent
About to happen
?mpede
Block
?nadvertently
By accident
?ndifferent
Lacking concern
?ndiscriminate
Confused
?nherent
Established by nature or habit
?nscrutable
Hard to understand
?nsinuate
Hint
?ntrepid
Fearless
Jaded
Bored due to having too much of something
Lament
Grieve
Lethargic
Lacking energy
Lucid
Clear
Malice
Desire to harm
Meander
Wind or turn in a course
Melancholy
Gloomy
Merely
Only
Meticulous
Careful
Momentous
Very important
Nonchalance
?ndifferent
Nuance
Shade of difference
Obscure
Unclear
Orator
Public speaker
Ornate
Excessively decorated
Palpable
Easy to recognise
Paragon
Model of perfection
Pervasive
Widespreat
Pragmatic
Practical
Pristine
In original state
Prolific
Produced in big quantities
Protract
Prolong
Proximity
Nearness
Redundant
Repetitious
Reluctantly
Unwillingly
Resigned
Unresisting
Reverent
Respectful
Rudimentary
Undevelopped
Sanctuary
Refuge
Scrutinize
Examine closely
Strenuous
Requiring effort
Subside
Settle down
Subtle
Difficult to perceive
Abundant
Large quantity
acceleration
Change in velocity divided by the time it takes for the change to occur
acceleration due to gravity
9.8 meters per second squared
accuracy
A description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.
acid
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
analysis
A detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.
aqueous solution
a solution in which water is the solvent
arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
astronomy
The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space
atom
Basic unit of matter
atp
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
atria
2 upper chambers of the heart
base
A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
calibration
Any procedure used to evaluate the accuracy of a measurement system and, when sources of error are found, to use that information to correct or improve the measuring system
capillaries
Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body
catalyst
SOMETHING CAUSING CHANGE
celestial equator
An imaginary circle created by extending Earth's equator into space
celestial poles
Projection of Earth's North and South Poles onto the celestial sphere. Creates North and South celestial pole.
celestial sphere
An imaginary sphere surrounding Earth to which the stars are attached
cell membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
cell wall
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
centripetal force
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
chemical change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances
chromosome
A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
component
A part or element of a larger whole.
compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
concentration
A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
conclusion
A _____ at the end of a DBQ essay is not required for points but it can be used to help reiterate your thesis or perhaps to get certain expanded core points.
constellation
A group of stars that form a pattern in the sky
continental rift
A linear belt along which continental lithosphere stretches and pulls apart
convergent boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
cosmology
STUDY OF THE UNIVERSE AS A TOTALITY;THEORY OF THE ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE
crystal
An orderly, three-dimensional pattern of ions or atoms in a solid
current
A flow of electric charge.
cuticle
A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.
cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
decibel
a logarithmic unit of sound intensity
declination
A measure of how far north or south an object is from the celestial equator
delta
A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake
density
Mass / Volume
displacement
Distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point.
divergent boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.
dna
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
ecliptic
path of the sun and the planets
electric potential energy
Energy a charge has due to its location in an electric field
electromagnetic wave
A form of energy that can move through the vacuum of space.
electrostatic force
The force between electrically charged objects (like charges repel and opposite charges attract each other).
element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
ellipse
A regular oval shape, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base.
endoplasmic reticulum
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
energy
Ability to do work
epicycle
n. A circle that rolls upon the external or internal circumference of another circle.
equilibrium
A state of balance
focus length
The distance from the lens to the point where the refracted light rays converge at the focal point
force
A push or a pull
freefall
When the only force acting on an object is gravity
frequency
How many wave peaks pass a certain point per given time
frictional force
The force that acts parallel to surfaces in contact opposite the direction of motion or tendency of motion.
functional group
A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions.
gel electrophoresis
Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel
geocentric model
A representation of the universe in which starts and planets revolve around Earth. Ptolemy proposed the model.
geology
science dealing with the earth's history as recorded in rocks
glacier
A large mass of moving ice and snow on land
golgi apparatus
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
gravitational force
an attractive force that acts between any two objects
heliocentric model
A representation of the relationship between the Sun and planets in which the planets revolve around the Sun. Copernicus proposed the model.
heterogeneous
(adj.) composed of different kinds, diverse
homogeneous
of a similar kind
hydrate
A compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to its atoms
hydrology
Study of water
hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
igneous rock
a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
image distance
The distance from the mirror to the image
inertia
(physics) the tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force
inorganic
Not formed from living things or the remains of living things
intensity
The brightness of a light.
ion
A charged atom
isomers
Same atoms but different arrangement.
isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
jovian planet
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
kinetic energy
Energy of motion
land breeze
the flow of air from land to a body of water
latitude
Distance north or south of the equator
longitude
Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees
longitudinal wave
A wave in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels
mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
meander
to wander aimlessly
meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
meniscus
The curved upper surface of a liquid column that is concave when the containing walls are wetted by the liquid and convex when not.
metamorphic rock
A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
meteorology
the study of weather
mid-oceanic ridge
The longest mountain range in the world; all along the center of the Atlantic Ocean; formed by active volcanoes through sea floor spreading
mineral
Elements found in food that are used by the body
mitochondria
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
mitosis
A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by equally allocating replicated chromosomes to each of the daughter
mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
mole
A group of atoms bonded together
molecular mass
The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule
molecule
A group of atoms bonded together
net force
The combination of all forces acting on an object
newton
A unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 meter per second per second
non-renewable resource
a resource that cannot be reused or replaced easily (ex. gems, iron, copper, fossil fuels)
normal force
the force perpendicular to a surface that prevents an object from falling through the surface
nucleolus
Makes ribosomes
nucleotide
A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
object distance
The distance from the mirror to the object
oceanography
Study of Earth's oceans
orbit
The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
organic
Carbon-containing
oxbow lake
A meander that has been cut off from the river
oxidation
Loss of electrons
parallel circut
a circut with two or more resitors where the electricity has more than one path to travel
period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
pholem
type of vascular tissue that carries nutrients and food from place to place inside the cell
photon
A particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy
photosynthesis
Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
physical property
A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance
plate tectonics
A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.
polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
position
the location of an object
potential difference
the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts
potential energy
Stored Energy
precision
Exactness
precession
A slow motion of Earth's axis that traces out a cone over a period of 26,000 years
pressure
Force per unit area.
procedure
A way of organizing, writing, and conducting the experiment.
projectile
an object that is thrown
protein synthesis
Ribosomes
qualitative observation
An observation that deals with characteristics that cannot be expressed in numbers.
quantitative observation
An observation that deals with a number or amount
radiation
Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles.
reactant
A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
reduction
Gain of electrons
renewable resource
A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed
resistance
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.
respiration
Breathing
retrograde motion
The apparent motion of the planets when they appear to move backwards (westward) with respect to the stars from the direction that they move ordinarily.
reversible reactant
Acid dissociation is a reversible reactan
ribosome
Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.
right ascension
The angular distance eastward along the celestial equator from the vernal equinox to the intersection of the hour circle that passes through the body
river system
a river and its tributaries
rna
Ribonucleic acid
rock cycle
A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
scalar
A physical quantity that has magnitude only.
scientific method
A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
sedimentary rock
A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
sea breeze
The flow of cooler air from over an ocean or lake toward land
series circuit
A circuit in which all parts are connected end to end to provide a single path of current.
solubility
A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.
solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
speed
Distance/time
speed of light
3.00 x 10^8 m/s
spindle fiber
help pull apart the cell during replication and are made up of micrtubules
spontaneous reaction
a reaction that favors the formation of products at the specified conditions; spontaneity depends on enthalpy and entropy changes
star
Stell
states of matter
solid, liquid, gas
temperature
A measure of how hot or cold something is.
tension
Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
terminal moraine
A cross-valley, ridge-like accumulation of glacial sediment that forms at the farthest point reached by the terminus of an advancing glacier.
terrestrial planet
The name given to the four inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
topography
A description of surface features of land.
transverse wave
A wave that moves the medium in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels
uniform circular motion
Objects moving in a circle with constant speed (acceleration results in a change of direction)
valence electrons
Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
vector
A quantity that has magnitude and direction
veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
velocity
Speed in a given direction
ventricly
...
voltage
The potential difference measured in volts. The amount of work to be done to move a charge from one point to another along an electric circuit.
voltmeter
a device used to measure voltage
water cycle
The continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back
weight
A measure of the force of gravity on an object
xylem
Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves
accuracy
the closeness of an experimental measurement to the accepted or theoretical
aqueous solution
a solution in which the solvent is water
arteries
the vascular tissue which carries blood away from the heart
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
a chemical that is considered to be the 'fuel' or energy source for an organism
atria
the chambers of the heart that receive blood
capillaries
vascular tissue that receives blood from the arterioles and release the blood to the vacuoles
celestial equator
the extension of the earth's equator out onto the celestial sphere
celestial poles
the extension of the earth's N. and S. pole onto the celestial sphere
celestial sphere
the imaginary sphere onto which all the stars are viewed as being on for the purpose of locating them
cell membrane
an organelle found in all cells that acts as the passageway through which materials can pass in and out. this organelle is highly selectively permeable, only allowing materials to pass through that it 'chooses' chemically.
cell wall
an organelle found primarily in plant cells and fungi cells, and also some bacteria. the cell wall is a strong structure that provides protection, support, and allows materials to pass in and out w/o being selectively permeable
chromosome
an organelle that contains the entire DNA of the organism
continental rift
the region on a continent where new crust is being created, and the plates on either side of the rift are moving apart
convergent boundary
a boundary between 2 of the earth's plates that are moving forward each other
cosmology
study of the formation of the universe
cuticle
top layer on a leaf. it is a non-living layer consisting primarily of wax that is produced by the epithelium, a cell layer directly underneath
cytoplasm
a jelly-like substance located in the cell where all of the internal organelles can be found. the cytoplasm consists primarily of water and supports the cell and its organelles
cytoskeleton
organelles that are the internal 'bones' of the cell. they exist in thick and thin tubules
declination
the celestial coordinate similar to that of latitude on the Earth. this measures how many degrees, min., and, sec. N. and S. of the celestial equator an obj is
density
the mass of a substance for a given unit volume. a common unit of density is grams per milliliter (g/ml)
divergent boundary
a boundary between 2 of the Earth's plates that are moving away from each other
ecliptic
the apparent path of the sun across the sky over the course of a yr
electrostatic force
the force that exists between particles due to their charge. particles of like charge repel, particles of unlike charge attract
ellipse
a geometric shape that is formed when a plane is intersected w/ a con. in this case the plane intersects the cone at an angle so that a shape similar to a circle but stretched in one direction is formed. the orbits of the planets around the sun represent
endoplasmic reticulum
an organelle that is used to transport proteins throughout the cell
epicycle
smaller circles on which the planets traveled around the earth in the geocentric model of the solar sys. epicycle were used to explain the retrograde motion of planets and help make the predicated positions of the planets match the observed positions.
focal length
the distance from a focal point to a mirror or lens
functional group
a group of atoms that give a molecule a certain characteristic or property
gel electrophoresis
a process used in laboratories to determine the genetic make up of DNA strands. this process involves the movement of chromosomes through the gel
geocentric model
the model of the solar sys that places the earth at the center w/ the planets and the sun orbiting around it
Golgi apparatus
an organelle that packages proteins so that they can be sent out of the cell
heliocentric model
the model of the solar sys that places the sun at the center w/ planets orbiting around it
heterogeneous
a mixture that is not uniform in composition
homogeneous
a mixture in which the components are uniformly distributed
hydrate
a crystal of a molecule that also contains water in the crystal structure. if the water evaporates, the crystal becomes anhydrous.
hydrology
the study of the earth's water and water sys
image distance
the distance from an image to a mirror or lens
inorganic
a material that is neither plant nor animal in origin
isomers
substances that have the same molecular formula (same # of elements) in different arrangements.
isotopes
atoms of the outer same element, with different #'s of neutrons, and hence a different atomic mass.
Jovian planet
one of the outer planets of the solar system that have characteristics similar to that of Jupiter. they are also called gas planets. the are large, have high mass, have many moons, may have many rings, are far from the sun and each other, have thick atmos
land breeze
the breeze that develops on the shoreline due to unequal heating of the air above the land and ocean. land breeze occurs at night when the air above the land is cooler and the air above the ocean is warmer. the breeze blows from the land to the sea.
meander
a broad curve in a river
meiosis
process in which there's cellular reproduction where the daughter cells have 1/2 the amount of chromosomes. this is used for purposes of sexual reproduction to produce sex cells that will be able to form an offspring with a complete set of chromosomes wit
mid-oceanic ridge
a region under the ocean where new crust is being created, and the plates on either side of the ridge are moving apart
mitochondria
an organelle that produces ATP
mitosis
a process in which cells produce genetically identical offspring
nucleotide
the smallest unit of DNA. there are 5 different types of nucleotides: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, and uracil. the arrangement of genes is based directly on the specific arrangement of nucleotides.
oxbow lake
a crescent shaped lake formed when a meander is cutoff from the river it was part of.
oxidation
the loss of electrons by a substance in a chemical reaction
phloem
vascular tissue found in plants that transports mostly sugar and water; can travel either ' shoot to root' or 'root to shoot'
photon
a particle of light. a discreet amount of light energy where a single photon of light is the smallest unit of light energy possible
plate tectonics
the theory in which earth's crust is made up of many plates that float on the mantle. this theory explains the movement of continents, the formation of mountains, earthquakes, volcanoes and the existence of mid-oceanic ridges
polymer
a large molecule made up of repeating units of one or more small molecules
precession
the process by which the earth's axis traces out a circle on the celestial sphere
precision
the measurement of the closeness of measurements obtained from 2+ experimental runs
protein synthesis
a process by which DNA will transport its information by way of
qualitative Observation
an observation that includes characteristics other than amounts or measurements; may include shapes, colors, actions, and odors.
Radiation
the emission of energy
Apathy
An absence of emotion or enthusiasm, lack of feeling or interest
scarce
not enough, deficient in quantity or number compared with the demand
generate
bring into existence
keen
very penetrating and clear and sharp in operation
manifest
reveal its presence or make an appearance
grueling
characterized by toilsome effort to the point of exhaustion
plead
appeal or request earnestly
adversity
hardship; misfortune, a state of misfortune or affliction
ephemeral
enduring a very short time, lasting a short time
exasperation
actions that cause great irritation (or even anger)
frugal
economical, avoiding waste and luxury; scanty, poor, meager
inevitable
an unavoidable event
benevolent
having or showing or arising from a desire to promote the welfare or happiness of others
debacle
a complete failure; a total collapse
camaraderie
trust among friends
condescending
Treating people as weak or inferior
Persist
Refuse to stop or change, to continue steadily in a course of action, to last, remain
Integrity
honesty, high moral standards; an unimpaired condition, completeness, soundness
Mundane
ordinary, commonplace
Chastise
to inflict physical punishment as a means of correction; to scold severely
Malleable
capable of being shaped or bent
Cajole
to coax, persuade through flattery or artifice; to deceive with soothing thoughts or false promises
Pacify
fight violence and try to establish peace
Dingy
depressing or soiled in character or appearance
Nonchalant
without showing concern or enthusiasm; indifferent
Deprave
make morally bad corrupt
Opulent
rich and superior in quality
Precocious
Unusually advanced or talented at an early age
Convergence
the occurrence of two or more things coming together
Digression
straying from main point
Diligent
hardworking, industrious, not lazy
Pretentious
pretending to be important, intelligent or cultured, pompous, self-important
Ostensible
apparent; represented as true; possibly or seemingly true on the surface
Aesthetic
relating or pertaining to a sense of beauty or art
Propensity
a natural inclination or tendency
Disdain
lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike
Chide
to blame; scold
Permeate
to spread through, penetrate, soak through
Invective
an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.
Clandestine
secret, concealed; underhanded
Prudent
cautious, careful, showing good sense
Reconsiliation
Restoring peace and harmony, settling a dispute
Resilient
(adj.) able to return to an original shape or form; able to recover quickly
Scrutinize
to examine in detail with careful or critical attention
Divergent
tending to move apart in different directions
Commiserate
to sympathize with, have pity or sorrow for, share a feeling of distress
Trite
unoriginal and stale due to overuse
Placate
to stop from being angry; to calm
Substantiate
to support with proof or evidence
Tactful
skilled in handling difficult situations or people, polite
Tenacious
tough; stubborn; not letting go
Transient
lasting only a short time, fleeting; one who stays only a short time
Vindicate
clear of accusation, blame, suspicion,, to free from blame
Nuance
a subtle difference or distinction in expression, meaning, response, etc.
Jocund
merry; cheerful; lighthearted
bemused
deeply absorbed in thought
Poignant
deeply moving, strongly affecting the emotions
Cryptic
having a secret or hidden meaning
Enamor
to fill or inflame with love
Amicable
friendly, agreeable
abate
when something perceived as hostile, threatening, or negative becomes less intense or widespread
abdicate
renounce ones throne
aberration
a departure from what is normal, usual, or expected, typically one that is unwelcome.
abstain
Restrain yourself from having fun
adversity
Misfortune, diffecluties
aesthetic
The appreciation of beauty or concerned with beauty
amicable
... Having a spirit of friendliness
anachronistic
...Containing or pertaining to an anachronism
arid
... Having no or little rain,lacking excitement, interest or meaning
asylum
...A place offering shelter and support to mentally ill people
benevolent
Kindly and well meaning
bias
...Prejudice for or against something, a person or a group
boisterous
...rowdy, noisy,energetic, cheerful, stormy or wild
brazen
... Without shame, bold, made out of brass
brusque
... Off hand or abrupt in manner or speech
camaraderie
...Friendship & trust among people who spend a lot of time with each other
canny
...Being nice to people especially in money/business
capacious
...Having a lot of space inside that is comfortable
capitulate
...Surrendering to an opponent
clairvoyant
...To claim to have a supernatural ability
collaborate
...Working jointly to create something
compassion
...Sympathetic pity for suffering of others
compromise
...To make an agreement over a dispute
condescending
...Showing a feeling of superiority
conditional
dependant on the conditions
conformist
a person who follows all of the rules and does everything right
conundrum
a confusing and hard question
convergence
the process of coming together with others
deleterious
causing hurt or damage
demagogue
a polotician who tries to gain support by making false claims
digression
a temporary detour from the original text
diligent
caring about your work or duties
discredit
to harm someones positive reputation
disdain
the feeling in which someone or something is unworthy of their respect
divergent
doing your own thing and not following others
empathy
the ability to share in another�s feelings
emulate
to meet or excel standerds
enervating
to weaken out
ephemeral
short lived
evanescent
to fade from sight
exemplary
a good example
extenuating
to underate
florid
highly decorated
forbearance
to be patient/ restraining yourself
fortitude
the courage to deal with pain
fortuitous
happening by chance/ accidental
foster
to care for
fraught
causing or affected my great anxiety or stress
frugal
simple, plain and costing little
hackneyed
causing or affected my great anxiety or stress
haughty
arrogantly superior and distainful
hedonist
a person that belives that the persuit of pleasure is the most important thing in life
hypothesis
a proposition made as a basis for reasoning without any assumption of truth
impetuous
acting or done quickly with out thought or care
impute
represent as being done,caused or possessed by someone
inconsequential
not important or significant
inevitable
certain to happen, not avoidable
intrepid
fearless, adventurous
intuitive
...Something that is known with no proof
jubilation
a feeling of great happiness or triumph
lobbyist
...Trying to influence decisions from people in the government
longevity
...Living a long life
mundane
Not having interest in something
nonchalant
...Showing feelings of being calm
opulent
...Being really rich
orator
...A skilled public speaker
ostentatious
... characterised by vulgar display designed to impress
parched
... dried out with heat or warmth
perfidious
... untrustworthy or not trusted
pragmatic
... dealing with the problems that exist in a specific situation in a reasonable and logical way instead of depending on ideas and theories
precocious
...having or showing the qualities or abilities of an adult at an unusually early age
pretentious
...having or showing the unpleasant quality of people who want to be regarded as more impressive, successful, or important than they really are
procrastinate
...to be slow or late about doing something that should be done
prosaic
...dull or ordinary
prosperity
...the state of being successful usually by making a lot of money
provocative
... excitement or causing discussion, thought, or argument
prudent
...having or showing careful, or good judgement
querulous
...complaining in an annoying way
rancorous
...deeply malevolent
reclusive
...marked by withdrawal from society
reconciliation
...the restoration of friendly relations.
renovation
... the action of renovating a building
restrained
... characterized by reserve or moderation
reverence
... respecting something or someone
sagacity
... the quality of being sagacious
scrutinize
... examine or inspect deeply
spontaneous
...performed or occurring as a result of a sudden inner impulse.
spurious
... not being what it is suppose to be
submissive
... ready to conform to the authority or will of others
substantiate
... provide evidence or support evidence.
subtle
... so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe
superficial
...existing or occurring at or on the surface
superfluous
... unnecessary or on needed
surreptitious
... kept secret because if know it would not be approved
tactful
... having or showing tact. The definition of tact is sensitive in dealing with other or dealing with difficult issues.
tenacious
... to keep a firm hold of something
transient
... lasting of a short amount of time
venerable
... a great deal of respect to a person of age
vindicate
... to justify or to show something is right
wary
... careful or cautious
resilient
(adj) able to return to an original shape or form; able to recover quickly
restrained
(adj) controlled, repressed, restricted
reverence
(n) honor or respect felt or shown
sagacity
(n) ability to make good judgments; wisdom
scrutinize
(v) to examine closely
spontaneity
(n) impulsive action, unplanned events
spurious
(adj) not genuine, not true, not valid
submissive
(adj) tending to meekness, to submit to the will of others
substantiate
(v) to establish by evidence, prove; to give concrete or substantial form to
subtle
(adj) sensitive; difficult to understand
superficial
(adj) on or near the surface; concerned with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow
superfluous
(adj) Exceeding what is sufficient or required; excess
suppress
(v) to stop by force, put down
surreptitious
(adj) stealthy, secret, intended to escape observation
tactful
(adj) considerate, skillful in acting to avoid offense to others
tenacious
(adj) holding fast; holding together firmly; persistent
transient
(adj) lasting only a short time, fleeting; (n) one who stays only a short time
venerable
(adj) commanding respect because of great age or impressive dignity
vindicate
(v) to clear from hint or charge of wrongdoing; to defend successfully against opposition; to justify
wary
(adj) watchful, motivated by caution, on guard against danger
renovation
(n) the act of renovating; the structure renovated
reconciliation
(n) the act of agreement after a quarrel, the resolution of a dispute
reclusive
(adj) preferring to live in isolation; withdrawn from society
rancorous
(adj) deeply hateful or spiteful; malicious
querulous
(adj) peevish, irritable, fretful; inclined to complain
prudent
(adj) wise or judicious in practical affairs; sensible
provocative
(adj) serving to excite or arouse by stimulating a strong feeling or desire
prosperity
(n) wealth, success
prosaic
(adj) dull, lacking in distinction and originality; matter-of-fact, straightforward; characteristic of prose, not poetic
procrastinate
(v) to delay, put off until later
pretentious
(adj) done for show, striving to make a big impression; claiming merit or position unjustifiably; making demands on one's skill or abilities, ambitious
precocious
(adj) showing unusually early development (especially in talents and mental capacity)
perfidious
(adj) faithless, disloyal, untrustworthy
parched
(adj) extremely thirsty; dried up, shriveled
ostentatious
(adj) marked by conspicuous or pretentious display, showy; intended to impress others
orator
(n) a public speaker, especially one who is eloquent or skilled
opulent
(adj) wealthy, luxurious; ample; grandiose
novice
(n) one who is just a beginner at some activity requiring skill and experience. (also can be used as an adjective)
nonchalant
(adj) cool and confident, unconcerned; having an air of casual indifference
mundane
(adj) earthly, worldly, relating to practical and material affairs; concerned with what is ordinary
longevity
(n) long life, long duration, length of life
lobbyist
(n) a person who is employed by and acts for an organized interest group or corporation to try to influence policy decisions and positions in the executive and legislative branches.
jubilation
(n) joy, celebration, exultation
intuitive
(adj) instinctive, untaught
intrepid
(adj) fearless, brave, enduring in the face of adversity
integrity
(n) honesty, high moral standards; an unimpaired condition, completeness, soundness
inevitable
(adj) incapable of being avoided or prevented
inconsequential
(adj) trifling, trivial, unimportant
incompatible
(adj) incapable of existing together in peace; unable to work together
impute
(v) to assign blame or credit; to attribute or ascribe to someone
discredit
(v) to throw doubt upon, cause to be distrusted; to damage in reputation; (n) a loss or lack of belief, confidence, or reputation
disdain
(v) to look upon with scorn; to refuse scornfully; (n) a feeling of contempt
divergent
(adj) going in different directions; different from each other; departing from conversation, deviant
empathy
(n) identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives
emulate
(v) to imitate with the intent of equaling or surpassing the model
enervating
(adj) weakening, tiring
enhance
(v) to raise to a higher degree; to increase the value or desirability of
ephemeral
(adj) lasting only a short time, short-lived, transient
evanescent
(adj) vanishing, soon passing away; light and airy
exasperation
(n) irritation, frustration
exemplary
(adj) worthy of imitation, commendable; serving as a model
extenuating
(adj) excusing, lessening the seriousness of guilt or crime, e.g., of mitigating factors
florid
(adj) highly colored, reddish; excessively ornate, showy
fortuitous
(adj) accidental, occurring by a happy chance
frugal
(adj.) economical, avoiding waste and luxury; scanty, poor, meager, thrifty
hackneyed
(adj) used so often as to lack freshness or originality; cliched
haughty
(adj) arrogant, excessively proud and vain; condescending
hedonist
(n) a person who believes that pleasure is the chief goal of life
hypothesis
(n) a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
impetuous
(adj) inclined to act without thinking; hasty
relevant
closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand
omit
leave out or exclude (someone or something), either intentionally or forgetfully
redundant
not or no longer needed or useful
precede
1. come before (something) in time; 2. come before in order or position
proportional
corresponding in size or amount to something else
sustainable
1. able to be maintained at a certain rate or level; 2. conserving an ecological balance by avoiding depletion of natural resources
adhere
1. to stick completely to a surface or substance
2. to believe in and follow the practices of
aloof
not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant
ambiguous
open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning
analyze
to examine in detail, typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation
anecdote
a short and amusing story about a real incident or person
antagonize
to cause someone to become hostile
anticipate
to regard as probable; expect or predict
apprehensive
anxious or fearful that something bad will happen
arcane
mysterious or secret
assert
to state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully
assess
to evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of
attribute
to regard something as being caused by someone or something
bear
to endure an ordeal or difficulty
befall
(of something bad) happen to someone
burgeon
to begin to grow or increase rapidly; to flourish
coherent
1. (of an argument, theory, or policy) logical and consistent
2. united as or forming a whole
compassion
concern for the suffering or misfortune of others
compensate (for)
to make up for something unwelcome or unpleasant by exerting an opposite force or effect
complement
a thing that completes or brings to perfection a larger whole
compose
1. write or create; 2. constitute, make up
condescending
having or showing a feeling of superiority
consecutive
following continuously; in unbroken or logical sequence
contour
an outline, especially one representing or bounding the shape or form of something
contract
to decrease in size, number, or range
contradict
1. to deny the truth of (a statement), especially by asserting the opposite
2. to assert the opposite of a statement made by (someone)
3. to be in conflict with
correlate
to have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or depends on another
corrollary
a direct or natural consequence or result
critical
1. expressing adverse or disapproving comments or judgments
2. expressing or involving an analysis of the merits and faults of a work of literature, music, or art
3. involving the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment
cumbersome
1. large or heavy and, therefore, difficult to carry or use
2. slow or complicated and, therefore, inefficient
deficit
the amount by which something is too small
demean
to cause a severe loss in the dignity of and respect for someone or something
depict
1. to show or represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form
2. to portray in words; to describe
determine
1. to cause (something) to occur in a particular way; to be the decisive factor in
2. to ascertain or establish exactly, typically as a result of
research or calculation
devoid
entirely lacking or free from
differentiate
1. to recognize or ascertain what makes (someone or something) different
2. (differentiate between) to identify differences between
(two or more things or people)
3. to make (someone or something) appear different or distinct
4. to make or become differen
diffuse
spread out over a large area; not concentrated
digress
to leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing
diminish
to make or become less
discrepancy
a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts
(dis)inclined
willing or positive about an action, belief, or attitude (disinclined: unwilling or negative about something)
dismay
consternation and distress, typically that caused by something unexpected
disposition
1. a person's inherent qualities of mind and character
2. an inclination or tendency
dynamic
characterized by constant change, activity, or progress
eclipse
a loss of significance, power, or prominence in relation to another person or thing
emerge
to become apparent, important, or prominent
eminent
famous and respected within a particular sphere or profession
engage
1. to occupy, attract, or involve (someone's interest or attention)
2. (engage someone in) to cause someone to become involved in (a conversation or discussion)
3. (engage in) to participate or become involved in
engross
to absorb all the attention or interest of
ethereal
extremely delicate and light in a way that seems too perfect for this world
evolve
to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form
exploit
1. to make full use of and derive benefit from
2. to use a situation or person in an unfair or selfish way
facilitate
to make an action or process easy or easier
feign
to pretend to be affected by a feeling, state, or injury
fleeting
lasting for a very short time
glaring
extremely obvious or conspicuous
hardship
severe suffering or deprivation
hurtle
to move or cause to move at a great speed, typically in an
uncontrolled manner
immerse
1. to involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest
2. to dip or submerge in a liquid
imminent
about to happen
(im)mobile
able to move or be moved freely or easily (or not able to be moved)
impervious
unable to be affected by
incendiary
1. tending to stir up conflict
2. designed to cause fires
incompetent
not having or showing the necessary skills to do something
successfully
(in)conceivable
capable of being imagined or grasped mentally (or not capable of being imagined)
(in)dissoluble
able to be dissolved, loosened, or disconnected (or, solid, not able to be broken apart)
inevitable
certain to happen; unavoidable
infer
to deduce or conclude (information) from evidence and reasoning rather than from clear statements
integrate
to combine one thing with another so that they become a whole
intuition
the ability to understand something immediately, a 'gut feeling'
Exasperate
irritate intensely
Camaraderie
mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together.
Dingy
dirty, dull, or shabby
Ostensible
(adj.) appearing as such, seemingly
Chide
(v.) to blame; scold
Invective
abusive language
Commiserate
(v.) to sympathize with, have pity or sorrow for, share a feeling of distress
Placate
To soothe or pacify
Tenacious
Holding fast; holding together firmly; persistent
Transient
(adj.) lasting only a short time, fleeting; (n.) one who stays only a short time
Vindicate
To free from blame
Jocund
Cheerful
Vestige
Trace or sign of something that once existed
Nematicide
A nematicide is a type of chemical pesticide used to kill plant-parasitic nematodes.
Eschew
to shun; to avoid (as something wrong or distasteful)
Envisage
to form a mental picture
Rattle
to shake and make a noise
Embed
to fix in a surrounding mass
Entrenched
firmly established
Caulk
to make watertight (by plugging seams) When water from the shower leaked into the basement, we knew it was time to caulk the tiles at the edge
Decal
Another name for the Ten Commandments
Lakeb
bottom of the lake
Gnaw
bite or chew on with the teeth
Exhilarate
to enliven, cheer, give spirit or liveliness to
Dismay
to destroy courage or resolution; to cause to lose enthusiasm, to disillusion
Granule
a small compact particle of a substance.
Unassailably
unable to be attacked, questioned, or defended
Bashful
shy
Rapport
a feeling of harmonious connection between people or groups of people
Forlorn
(adj.) totally abandoned and helpless; sad and lonely; wretched or pitiful; almost hopeless
Relic
n. a surviving trace of a culture or period that no longer exists
Emanate
to come forth; to send forth
Lushness
The property of being lush and abundant and a pleasure to the senses
Frenetic
frantic; frenzied
Fanatic
Zealot
Stature
high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement
Chisel
steel tool for shaping materials
Seedling
A small plant that is just starting to grow
Bring forth
elicit
Irradiate
v. To render clear and intelligible.
illuminate (something) by or as if by shining light on it
Undertaker
Funeral director, the one who arranges burials
Etch
v to engrave; to fix permanently in or implant firmly on the mind; root in the memory
Refurbish
to make clean or bright again
Fore
A narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.
Bout
match; short period of great activity; Ex. wrestling bout; bout of drinking/flu
Billfold
wallet
Dizzying
very loud or bright
Ethnobotanist
A person who studies plants in order to develop new medicines.
Perspire
to sweat
Magnum opus
great work
Bequeath
to give or pass on as an inheritance
Fare
to get along;
(n) the money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc.
Snub by
to ignore (someone) in a deliberate and insulting way
Concede
(v.) to admit as true; to yield, submit
Trance
hypnotic state; ecstatic state; detachment from one's physical surrounding (as in contemplation or daydreaming); CF. transition
Aural
pertaining to the ear
Singular
unique; superior; exceptional; strange
Fissure
An opening; a groove; a split
Lease
a contract granting use or occupation of property during a specified time for a specified payment
Vanity
feelings of excessive pride
Vernacular
Everyday language of ordinary people
Phlegmatic
calm and unemotional in temperament
Purgation
the purification or cleansing of someone or something
Quack
charlatan; fake
Beige
a very light brown
Lofty
Very high
Monumental
Massive, very great, very important
Gamely
in a spirited manner; with courage
Dread
to fear greatly
Drafty
Characterized by or admitting currents of air, usually uncomfortable.
Morose
(adj) having a gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or sociable
Erratic
(adj.) not regular or consistent; different from what is ordinarily expected; undependable
Unanimous
in complete agreement
Convulsive
Spasmodic
Approbation
an expression of approval or praise
Perfidious
Disloyal
Detour
a roundabout way
Cocksure
perfectly certain or sure; completely confident in one's own mind
Muster
gather or bring together
Renegade
(n.) one who leaves a group; a deserter, outlaw; (adj.) traitorous; unconventional, unorthodox
Apiary
a place where bees are kept
Incursion
An attack on another's territory; a raid
Marauding
going about in search of things to steal or people to attack
Ebb
To fade away, recede
Demure
Modest and reserved in manner or behavior
Chenille
velvety silk, wool or cotton fabric with protruding pile
Inkling
a hint; a vague notion
Steeple
a tall tower rising from the roof of a building
Inextricably
in a way impossible to untangle
Confound
confuse
Dispute
argue
Hubcap
metal cover over center of wheel
sleuth
a detective
emanate
to come forth; to send forth
uncanny
(adj.) strange, mysterious, weird, beyond explanation
gyre
a circular motion of water in each of the major ocean basins
colossus
gigantic statue; person or thing of great size or importance
delve
(v.) to dig; to search deeply and thoroughly into
monastic
Relating to or resembling a monastery (where monks or nuns live), esp. by being quiet, secluded, contemplative, strict, and/or lacking luxuries
godsend
a sudden happening that brings good fortune
notoriety
(n) ill fame; the state of being well-known for a disgraceful reason
acolyte
a devoted follower
crusader
a warrior who engages in a holy war
complacency
self-satisfaction
amicable
Friendly
sacrilege
a violation of something sacred; blasphemy
capsize
to turn bottom side up, upset
bore
v. To weary by tediousness or dullness.
renegade
(n.) one who leaves a group; a deserter, outlaw; (adj.) traitorous; unconventional, unorthodox
cocksure
perfectly certain or sure; completely confident in one's own mind
highflown
Grandiloquent
lofty
Very high
exalt
To glorify
muster
(v.) to bring together for service or battle; to gather or summon; to amount to, comprise, include; (n.) a list of men for military service; a gathering, accumulation
licentious
Morally unrestrained
numismatist
a coin collector
paucity
Scarcity, lack ant: abundance
fatalistic
believing that all events in life are inevitable and determined by fate
obtrude
To force oneself into a situation uninvited
pensive
Dreamily thoughtful
lackadaisical
uninterested; listless
alienate
To turn away feelings or affections
elated
in high spirits; exultantly proud and joyful
epigram
a witty saying expressing a single thought or observation
amalgamate
to combine; to mix together
demented
mentally ill; insane
hone
to sharpen
beleaguer
to surround; to besiege; to harass
gorge
to eat or swallow greedily
antiquated
No longer used or useful; very old
opiate
narcotic; causing sleep or relief
caricature
(n.) a representation (especially in drawing) in which the subject's characteristic features are deliberately exaggerated; (v.) to present someone or something in a deliberately distorted way
dally
to waste time; to loiter
felonious
pertaining to or constituting a major crime
edifice
a large, elaborate structure; an imposing building
ambidextrous
able to use both hands equally well
belated
delayed
animate
to give life to
knead
to work dough or clay into a uniform mixture
chauvinist
a person who believes in the superiority of their group
egalitarian
A person who believes in the equality of all people
berserk
In a state of violent or destructive rage
ostentatious
(adj.) marked by conspicuous or pretentious display, showy
delude
to mislead or fool
elude
to escape notice; to get away from
fallow
inactive; unproductive
blight
anything that destroys, prevents growth, or causes devaluation
obsequy
a funeral rite or ceremony
denizen
an occupant; inhabitant
fealty
obligated loyalty or faithfulness
entice
to attract by offering reward or pleasure
gratify
to please
laggard
a slow person, especially one who falls behind
gambit
a maneuver or action use to gain an advantage
jaded
worn out; dulled, as from overindulgence
gist
the main point
advocate
to recommend; to speak in favor of
efface
to obliterate; to wipe out
charisma
personal appeal or attraction; magnetism
ogre
a brute; a large monster; a frightful giant
mesmerize
to hypnotize
entity
anything having existence, either physical or mystical
bandy
to exchange words; to discuss casually
dastardly
cowardly and treacherous
nepotism
favoritism shown to a family or friends by those in power, especially in business or hiring practices
begrudge
to resent another's success; to envy
mandarin
an influential person; a member of an elite group
glutinous
gluey; sticky
enmity
deep-seated hostility, often mutual
declaim
to speak in a dramatic, impassioned, or blustering manner
imbue
to inspire or influence; to saturate
gaffe
a pole with a large hook on one end
quaff
to drink in large quantities; to gulp
bibliophile
a lover of books
gird
to prepare for an event or action
daunt
to make afraid; to discourage
flux
a state of continual change or movement
gothic
of the middle ages; of or relating to a mysterious, grotesque, and desolate style of fiction
hovel
a wretched living place; an open shed
cadaverous
of or like a corpse; pale; gaunt; thin
penury
extreme poverty
egress
an exit; a means of going out
despot
a dictator with absolute power
felicity
happiness; bliss
beget
to produce; to make happen
educe
to draw or bring out
glean
to collect bit by bit; to gather with patient labor
chafe
to wear or irritate, often through rubbing or friction
effrontery
shameless boldness
imbibe
to drink (especially alcohol)
feign
to pretend
desist
to stop; discontinue
allude
to hint at, to refer to indirectly
elite
the choice members or best of a group
bilk
to cheat or swindle; to thwart
homily
a sermon
demise
death; a ceasing to exist
emit
to send out; to give forth, as in sound or light
decadence
moral deterioration
aghast
feeling great dismay or horror
granary
a storehouse for grain
choleric
easily angered
impede
to hinder; to obstruct
qualm
a feeling of uneasiness
fallible
capable of error
blatant
obvious; too conspicuous
dawdle
to waste time
affiliate
an associate; a partner
fawn
to act slavishly submissive
calumny
a false and malicious accusation
berate to scold or rebuke severely and at length
to scold or rebuke severely and at length
minion
a submissive, servile follower
desolate
lonely; forlorn; uninhabited; barren
bane
the cause of ruin, harm, distress, or death
pacify
to calm down
garble
to mix up or distort
prevaricate
to lie
filch
to steal
neophyte
a beginner
flagrant
glaringly bad; outrageous
patrician
An aristocrat
emissary
one sent on a special mission to represent others
kindred
having similar origin, nature, or character
fracas
a loud quarrel or fight
lacerate
to tear (flesh) jaggedly
futile
Useless; pointless
immaculate
spotless; perfect
gait
manner of walking
carp
to complain
query
to ask; to inquire
queue
a line of people or vehicles
nefarious
Very wicked
genesis
beginning; origin
facade
a deceptive outward appearance; a misrepresentation
deluge
a flood; an overwhelming rush
Catholic
Universal
eerie
weird; mysterious; strange and frightening
martial
Warlike
anthropomorphic
attributing human characteristics or qualities to objects, animals, or gods
beneficiary
One who receives benefits
careen
to swerve or lurch from side to side while in motion
aplomb
Self-confidence
guile
Sly or cunning intelligence
modicum
a small amount
fester
to grow embittered over time; to rot
languish
(v.) to become weak, feeble, or dull; to droop; to be depressed or dispirited; to suffer neglect
pall
something that covers
havoc
great destruction; chaos
rancid
having a bad taste or smell; spoiled