energy
The ability to do work or cause change
work
force exerted through a distance; measured in joules (force x distance )
potential energy
stored energy,not moving
kinetic energy
energy of motion,moving
Joule
metric unit of work; equal to 1 N-m (Newton-meter)
energy transformation
changing of one form of energy into another
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed in form
mechanical energy
energy due to the motion of an object
radiant energy
energy from the sun
chemical energy
energy released when substances combine or break down
thermal (heat) energy
energy of moving particles within a solid, liquid, or gas
electrical energy
energy of moving electrons
nuclear energy
energy from the joining or splitting of atoms
sound energy
energy caused by an object's vibrations
light energy
energy produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles
temperature
A measure of how hot or cold something is.
heat
movement of thermal energy from one material to another; energy moves from high temp. to low
Calorie
unit of heat; amount of heat needed to raise the temperature 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius
hot
having or giving off great heat
cold
absence of heat
Conduction
process of heat transfer in solids (direct contact)
convection
process of heat transfer in gases and liquids (circular movement)
Radition
transfer of heat through space
conductor
material that conducts heat easily; material that allows electric charges to flow through easily
insulator
material that does not conduct heat easily; prevents electric charges from flowing through it easily
friction
force that opposes the motion of an object