Energy
the ability to do work
kinetic energy
energy in motion
example of kinetic energy
moving car on a roller coaster
potential energy
stored energy or energy that an object has due to its position.
example of potential energy
roller coaster call at the top of a hill
an example of how potential energy can change to kinetic energy
A car at the top of a roller coaster has a great deal of potential energy and very little kinetic energy; as the car goes down, it speeds up as potential energy changes to kinetic energy.
7 types of energy
sound, radiant, electrical, mechanical, nuclear, chemical, thermal
sound energy
energy of vibrations carried by air, water, or other matter
radiant energy
energy that travels as waves and can move through empty space
electrical energy
energy carried by electricity
mechanical energy
energy an object has due to its motion, position or condition
nuclear energy
energy produced when an atom splits apart or when two atoms join to form one atom
chemical energy
energy stored in the way atoms are connected to each other
thermal energy
energy of the movement of atoms and molecules
Three ways to use electrical energy
clocks, tvs, lights
How is nuclear energy produced?
when atoms split or join
What are three different forms of energy into which radiant energy can change?
chemical energy, electrical energy and thermal energy
wavelength
the distance from a point in one wave to the same point on the next wave
How are types of radiant energy the same?
all types of radiant energy travel in waves and can travel where there is no matter (empty space)
How are types of radiant energy different?
they have different wavelengths
7 types of radiant energy
gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves, radio waves
gamma rays
used to treat food and some cancers
x-rays
used by doctors and dentists to see your bones
ultraviolet rays
can cause sunburns, wrinkling, skin cancer and eye damage
visible light
the only form of radiant energy we can see
infrared rays
used to detect heat
microwaves
used in microwaves, speed radars, and telephones
radio waves
used to broadcast
short radio waves
used to broadcast tv stations on your tvs
long radio waves
used to broadcast radio stations on your radio
three ways light behaves when it hits an object
if the object is transparent, light passes through unchanged and you can see what is on the other side; if the object is opaque, no light passes through it and you cannot see what is on the other side; if the object is translucent, light can pass through
example of transparent
plastic wrap
example of opaque
aluminum foil
example of translucent
wax paper
Which type of radiant light can we see?
visible light
vibration
rapid back and forth motion of air or other matter
frequency
the number of waves passing a point in one second
How are radiant energy and sound energy different?
radiant energy travels through empty space and sound energy can travel only through matter in waves because there must be something to vibrate
What does frequency have to do with deeper or higher sound?
The lower the frequency of the sound wave, the deeper the sound produced because of the longer wavelength (BIG BELL); the higher the frequency of the sound wave, the higher the sound produced because of the shorter wavelength (small bell)
How is the ability to hear sounds different in humans, dogs, bats, and African elephants?
African elephants and dogs hear lower sounds than humans; dogs and bats hear a higher frequency sounds than humans.
Ultrasound
sound too high for people to hear
When might it be important to wear ear plugs or other hearing protection?
when you are around noisy machinery or loud musical instruments because too much sound energy will damage your hearing