body systems/cavities chap 2

cells

individual units found in all parts of the body

tissues

similar cells grouped together to do a specific job

organs

structures composed of several kinds of tissue

systems

groups of organs working together to perform complex functions

circulatory

heart, blood, blood vessels

digestive

brings food into the body and breaks it down so it can enter the blood stream

endocrine

composed of glands; sends chemical messengers called hormones into the blood

female/male reproductive

produce the cells that join to form the embryo

musculoskeletal

muscles, bones, joints, connective tissues; supports the body and allows it to move

nervous

carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord

respiratory

controls breathing

skin and sense organ

skin, eyes, ears; receives messages from the environment and sends them to the brain

urinary

produces urine and sends it out of the body through kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

cranial cavity

brain

thoracic cavity

lungs and heart

abdominal cavity

stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas

pelvic cavity

urinary bladder, urethras, urethra, rectum, anus, uterus

spinal cavity

spinal column and nerves of the spinal cord

cervical

neck region

thoracic

chest region

lumbar

waist region

sacral

sacrum/lower back region

coccygeal

coccyx or tailbone region

frontal (coronal) plane

vertical plane that divides body front to back

sagittal (lateral) plane

vertical plane that divides body into right and left sides

midsagittal plane

divides body vertically into right and left halves

transverse (axial) plane

horizontal plane that divides body into upper or lower portions (or cross-section)