Observations
- "Watching to learn
Documentations
Observing records of children's experiences through a variety of media (photos, videos, recordings...)
Screenings
Used to decide if a child needs a referral for further evaluation by a professional team (ASQ: Ages Stages Questionaire)
Parten's Stages of Play
- Unoccupied
- Solitary
- Parallel
- Onlooker
- Associative
- Cooperative
Unoccupied Play
Random movements that infants make
Solitary Play
Children play alone with their own toys
Parallel Play
Activity in which children play side by side without interacting
Onlooker play
Action in which children simply watch others at play, but do not actually participate themselves
Associative Play
Children engage in separate activities but exchange toys and comment on one another's behavior
Cooperative Play
activity in which children actually play with one another
Sensorimotor Period
The first newborn stage of learning in Piaget's Theory where children learn through the senses
Object Permanence
People and things continue to exist whether or not you are with them and can see them
Communication
The giving of info through talk, signs, cues, gestures, or writing
Language
The ability to use words (or signs) and combine them in sentences so that thoughts in our minds can be transmitted to other people
When learning language infants are capable of learning....
- Syntax: grammar
- Pragmatics: use of language and purpose of language
- Prosody: tone/rhythm and stresses on sounds and words that create meaning
Babbling
stage of language development at about 4 months when an infant spontaneously utters nonsense sounds ("ma" and "da
Language Explosion
Rapid word learning/development that occurs around 18 months
Telegraphic Speech
early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram�"go car"�using mostly nouns and verbs.
Dual Language
Children learning 2 or more languages at the same time, as well as those learning a second language while continuing to develop their first language
Bilingual
Able to speak two languages
What are the benefits to an infant being dual language learners and using sign language?
- Better at processing information and memory tasks
- Perform tasks better without being distracted
Parallel-Talk
Occurs when an adult talks about what a child is doing
Self-Talk
Talk adults use to describe what they are doing while with the infant and toddler
Tummy Time
- When infants lay on their stomach
- Tummy time helps babies strengthen their trunk and neck control
Cruising
Practice walking while holding on to surrounding surfaces
Primitive Reflexes
- Palmer Grasp Reflex
- Rooting
- Moro Reflex
Palmer Grasp Refelex
Grasp fingers with fist
Rooting
When lips come in contact with surface they suck
Moro Reflex
Startle Sound" Physical response to a loud sound or the sense of falling
Routines
Regularly occurring events that the child experiences during a day
Transitions
Times of change that occur in a child's life, such when an infant enters a program, changes rooms with in the center
Licensing
Each state has basic safety requirements for licensed childcare center
Guidance
A developmental, relationship-based, problem solving approach to supporting young children's social and emotional development
Discipline
Traditionally used to mean adult control, restraint, and authority as well as child obedience
Respect
Respect emotional needs, respect for individual differences and strengthens, and respect the power of development
Reflect
Thinking about what an experience is like for a child, observing what children are communication through their behavior, and deciding what you would like the child to instead
Relate
Strategies to help children learn and express their individual personalities and develop positive and healthy relationships
SIDS
- Sudden Death Syndrome
How to prevent SIDS
1. Place infants on their backs to sleep
2. Use a firm sleep surface
3. Keep soft items and lose bedding out of crib
4. Do not smoke during pregnancy
5. Separate nearby sleeping environments
6. Use a pacifier at nap time
7. Avoid overheating
From birth-2 months how do infants best see?
9-12 inches away and best from the corner of their eye
When does the ability to hear start?
Prior to birth (in the womb)
The importance to touch
Lack of touch can lead to brain maltreatment/ underdeveloped children
When do infants say their first word?
Around 12 months
Children develop receptive language before they learn expressive language
True
When will an infant take their first steps?
9-12 months and begin walking around 12-15 months and as early as 9 months and as late as 16-17 months