cognition
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communication
concept
a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
prototype
a mental image or best example of a category
algorithm
step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution
heuristics
simpler thinking strategies
insight
an abrupt; true-seeming, and often satisfying solution
confirmation bias
a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
mental set
a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
intuition
an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
availability heuristic
operates when we estimate the likelihood of events based on how mentally available they are - how easily they come to mind
overconfidence
tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgments
belief perseverance
tendency to cling to our beliefs in the face of contrary evidence
framing
the way we present an issue - sways our decisions and judgments
creativity
the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and valuable
convergent thinking
narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
divergent thinking
expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions
concept
a mental grouping of similar things is called a
algorithm
the most systematic procedure for solving a problem is a(n)
A major obstacle to problem solving in fixation, which is a(n)
in ability to view a problem from a new perspective